Congenital Disorders

The purpose of this study is to develop a pharmacovigilance (PV) surveillance program to monitor adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes, including the presence of congenital abnormalities, among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women and their infants at clinical sites affiliated with the International Epidemiology Databases to Evaluate consortium (IeDEA).

The goal of this observational study is to determine the incidence of perioperative cerebral desaturation in neonates undergoing surgery for congenital malformations. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. The perioperative factors associated with occurrence of cerebral desaturation 2. The association between perioperative cerebral desaturation, perioperative/hospital outcomes, and physiological conditions. Participants will undergo Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring for one hour before surgery, during surgery, and up to 24 hours after surgery.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about vaccinations hesitancy, delay or avoidance in children with chronic diseases, congenital anomalies or disabilities. The main questions it aims to answer are: • Attitudes of caregivers towards vaccinating their children, obstacles that postpone vaccinations, and the status of vaccinations of these children. Participants will fill out questionnaires and some will be included in focused groups for the qualitative part of the study. Researchers will compare the vaccinations status of the research group to their siblings' status as well as the published national records of vaccination compliance.

Knowledge about abnormal organ development is important to understand pathology and to develop novel treatment approaches for individuals with congenital and acquired disease. Most of our current understanding is based on examination of tissues from the embryo and early fetus, collected from women undergoing termination of pregnancy in the first trimester (third) of pregnancy. There is very little known about normal and abnormal organ development from a developmental perspective during the crucial last two-thirds of pregnancy when much remodelling of fetal tissues occurs. We aim to collect tissue from a variety of developing fetal organs in the last two-thirds of pregnancy from women who decide to undergo a termination of pregnancy and who wish to undergo a clinical fetal postmortem (PM) examination.