Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

The Health for Hungary (H4H) study collects blood samples and corresponding health data to investigate healthy aging and health-to-disease transitions in middle-aged and elderly participants. Indications Studied: Apparently healthy, symptom-free participants are enrolled and followed up to study the onset of new-onset diseases with special emphasis on non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Study Design: Single-country, multicenter, prospective, longitudinal survey. Objectives: The study aims to establish reference ranges of blood parameters using routine clinical blood tests and high-information-content methods, including proteomics, metabolomics and the so-called infrared molecular fingerprinting. The study also aims to identify novel biomarkers of major non-communicable diseases, including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a frequent complication of chronic, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM). Treatment with antibiotics, daily dressing, wound debridement, and wound off-loading is often prescribed. However, many DFU patients still progress into severe outcomes, including non-healing of wounds, infections, necrosis, and osteomyelitis. Prior research has shown that the application of pulsating electromagnetic field (PEMF) could accelerate wound healing, including in those afflicted with DFUs. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a locally developed CRAD ULCER X-01 device that uses the principles of PEMF in promoting DFU healing. Methods: A total of 32 patients with chronic, non-healing DFUs will be recruited from the Orthopaedic Clinic of Hospital Angkatan Tentera Tuanku Mizan and divided into control (C) (n=8) and treatment (T) (n=24) groups. All patients will receive a standard daily dressing. The PEMF will be supplemented for 1 hour/day, 2 hours/day, and 3 hours/day for T1, T2, and T3 subgroups, respectively (n=8 per group); whereas the C group will be controlled for placebo effect (device in-place but switched off). The therapy duration will be until the wound is closed or for a maximum period of three months. All patients will undergo wound assessment, wound edge tissue histology by haematoxylin and eosin (H\&E) staining, and immunohistology (for vascular endothelial growth factor \[VEGF\] and fibroblast growth factor 2 \[FGF-2\] expression), as well as serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and C-reactive protein (CRP) at preand post-treatment, along with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) measurement only at post-treatment to control for confounder (i.e., glucose control for the past three months). This study hypothesizes that PEMF therapy by CRAD ULCER X-01 device will accelerate DFU healing and improve tissue integrity, with minimal systemic effects assessed via oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Conclusion: The results from this study will validate PEMF's effectiveness in promoting DFU healing and establish the potential use of locally developed CRAD ULCER X-01 devices as supplementary therapy to standard DFU care.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia for extended periods of time, which causes damage to peripheral nerves, resulting in sensory, motor and autonomic dysfunction. The study will aim to assess the effect of the Low pulse electromagnetic field therapy in VPT and protective sensation in the diabetic foot ulcer. The total number of participants will be 42 (calculated by epi tool) and the participants are to be divided among two groups. Non Probability Consecutive sampling technique will be used for this study. The data collection tools will be Wagner Classification System for Diabetic Foot Ulcers, Numerical Pain Rating Scale, Goniometry, 10 g monofilament, Tuning Fork 128 Hz will be used. After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria and taking the written and verbal informed consent participants in one group will receive (low frequency pulsed electromagnatic field therapy and ankle Range of Motion) and other group will be receive (Sham PEMF and ankle Range of motion). Both interventions will be given three times weekly (or every other day) for 6 weeks. Vibrations perception, protective sensation, pain, ankle ROM and will be the outcome measures of the study. The data will be collected at baseline and 6 weeks. The data will be analyzed by using SPSS 23 and interpreted by using MS Word.

This study is conducted to evaluate the 18-month clinical performance of complete bioactive restorative system for occlusal restorations between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

This research is structured as a cross-sectional observational study. The primary objective is to compare central sensitization across painful and painless phenotypes of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The study will be conducted among individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Department of Geriatrics, İnönü University Turgut Özal Medical Center. All assessments will be administered in accordance with a rigorously standardized protocol. Eligible participants will include individuals aged 18 to 80 years who have had a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least one year, are capable of comprehending and following verbal instructions in Turkish required for the study procedures, and provide written informed consent. All statistical analyses will be performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (v.29, Armonk, NY, USA) and JASP (v.0.18, Amsterdam, Netherlands).