Discoloration, Tooth

ozone therapy has been extensively used in dentistry to manage wounds healing, dental caries, oral lichen planus, gingivitis and periodontitis, halitosis, osteonecrosis of the jaw, post-surgical pain, plaque and biofilms, root canal treatment, dentin hypersensitivity, tempro-mandibular joint disorders and teeth whitening, And based on the above, in this study kiwi extract and ozone gas will be used individually and combined to evaluate the resultant effects on bleaching, enamel microhardness and micromorphology.

"The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of tooth discoloration and explore its associated risk factors, including local cultural practices or environmental conditions, among a group of adults aged 20 to 45 years in an Egyptian population sample. Moreover, we aim to identify the most common dental shades in the same sample."

Visual shade matching is the most common method, in which a color standard from a commercially available dental shade guide is compared to and matched with the target tooth. However, several factors can contribute to perception errors including: different lighting variables, multiple shade systems available in the market with lack of standardization in color systems and corresponding porcelain systems, individual human variables in color perception and lack of understanding of color science. Therefore, in order to eliminate the uncontrolled variables during the color matching process, instrumental methods have been developed. Spectrophotometric measurement methods employing computer calculations, based on color science and theories, allow quantitative evaluation which is objective and appears to be more accurate. However, extremely high costs, relatively low performance with respect to agreements of the computer-aided devices, and edge loss error make it less acceptable. One of the most powerful tools in communicating with both patients and dental ceramists is digital photography. Hence, this study is designed to explore the possibilities of a novel approach to shade management (eLABor\_aid) utilizing a photocolorimetric (PCM) method and subsequent shade formulation without the use of stock shade guides in comparison to well-known visual and instrumental methods. The aim of the study is to evaluate the accuracy of digital photography combined with shade analyzing software (eLAB) in optimizing shade matching when compared to conventional and instrumental methods of shade selection. A Null Hypothesis is suggested where no significant difference regarding shade selection between eLAB protocol, conventional and instrumental methods will be found.