Epidemiology

The goal of this interventional study is to evaluate three tuberculosis (TB) screening and prevention strategies in prisons in Paraguay. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Which strategy is more effective for reducing the incidence rate of active TB? * Which strategy is more effective for reducing the TB infection rate? * Are these strategies safe, feasible, and cost-effective in prison settings? Researchers will compare three cluster-based, non-randomized programmatic strategies implemented in three prisons. These strategies differ in the frequency of screening, the diagnostic methods used, and the approach to tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT). Participants will: * undergo informed consent and clinical evaluation * receive TB screening through symptom assessment, chest digital X-ray with CAD, and rapid molecular testing, depending on site strategy * undergo IGRA testing and preventive therapy assessment, depending on the assigned strategy * be followed for 18 months, with screening rounds every 6 months or annually depending on the prison

RADECCU is a strictly observational IBD registry in Argentina. The registry is open to all practicing gastroenterologist in the country grouped within the Argentinean Crohn's and Ulcerative Colitis Group (GADECCU). The registry will include outcomes of routine clinical practice of patients with IBD including the pediatric and adult population.

The findings arising from the proposed study will spot light on the issue of road traffic accidents in Riyadh Region which will help stakeholders to design proper plans and strategies of prevention and control of this issue. This will minimize the toll and burden of road traffic accidents in Riyadh Region. To highlight the magnitude of the problem of road traffic accidents in Riyadh Region in the last five years (2019-2023), To identify the demographic characteristics of the victims involved in accidents throughout the last five years in Riyadh Region, To estimate the trend and seasonal variations of road traffic accidents Riyadh Region.

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM), which can significantly increase all-cause mortality and the incidence of serious cardiovascular events, and increase the burden of the national economy. The epidemiological characteristics and the clinical progress of CAC are still not clear. Moreover, the pathogenesis of CAC has not yet been fully elucidated, and lack of specific diagnostic indicators. Arterial calcification is an active, reversible, and multifactorial biological process like bone formation. It is generally believed that early detection of calcification lesions and active targeted treatment may be the key to prevention and treatment of vascular calcification. In addition, statins are commonly used in patients with dyslipidemia and can stabilize CAC plaque. However, the timing, dosage and effect of statins are controversial. Moreover, our previous study found that the expression of miR-32 is significantly elevated in patients with CAC, and can promoting vascular calcification. Herein, this study is to conduct a prospective cohort study on T2DM patients with CAC in Hunan province through a multidisciplinary and multi-center cooperation model, the main research objectives include the following three parts: ① To identify the prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of CAC in T2DM patients in Hunan province, and to build a risk assessment model. ② To observe the effects of statins on the occurrence and development of CAC in patients with T2DM, and to provide clinical data for the improvement of medication guidelines; ③To observe the dynamic changes of serum miR-32 in the progression of CAC in patients with T2DM, and to explore its possibility as a serological diagnosis or prognostic bio-maker of CAC. The completion of this research project is expected to bring a new breakthrough in the field of early diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and intervention treatment of patients with T2DM combined with CAC, and provide an important reference for the formulation of cardiovascular disease prevention and control strategy.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence, prevalence, clinical characteristics and prognosis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis over time in a district of Seoul, Korea.