Functional Autonomy Level

This prospective cohort study will evaluate functional decline, health-related quality of life, and long-term oncological outcomes in adults aged 65 years and older undergoing curative-intent resective surgery for gastrointestinal cancer at Hospital Universitario Mayor-Méderi in Bogotá, Colombia. The primary objectives are to identify prognostic factors associated with functional decline and clinically meaningful deterioration in health-related quality of life at 12 months after surgery. Functional decline will be assessed using the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, and quality of life will be assessed using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30. Long-term oncological outcomes will include overall survival, time to recurrence, and disease-free survival, with estimates reported at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery. Participants will undergo standardized preoperative assessment of demographic, oncological, functional, frailty, nutritional, cognitive, psychological, and sarcopenia-related factors. Multivariable prognostic models will be developed to evaluate their association with the primary outcomes.