Hemodynamic Parameters

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of stress ball use during femoral arterial sheath removal after coronary angiography on pain, anxiety, patient satisfaction, and hemodynamic parameters. A total of 34 patients will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to either the intervention group or the control group. Participants in the intervention group will use a stress ball during femoral arterial sheath removal in addition to routine care, while participants in the control group will receive routine care only. Pain, anxiety, patient satisfaction, and hemodynamic parameters will be assessed before and at specified time points after femoral arterial sheath removal.