High Flow Oxygen Therapy

The purpose of this study is to find out whether high-flow tracheal oxygen (HFTO) delivered at flows greater than 60 L/min can increase end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) in intubated patients during a spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). Weaning from mechanical ventilation can be difficult, especially in patients at higher risk of failure. During an SBT, losing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can cause the lungs to lose volume and make breathing harder by increasing the work of breathing (WOB). HFTO may help reduce the work of breathing, but previous studies using flows of 30-60 L/min did not consistently show an increase in EELV. Higher flows may create more airway pressure. Therefore, the main question this study is trying to answer is: In intubated patients during an SBT, does HFTO at flows greater than 60 L/min increase EELV? The hypothesis is that HFTO at flows above 60 L/min will increase EELV during the SBT.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy on respiratory complications, blood gas parameters, and post-procedural recovery in patients undergoing sedated endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). Participants will be assigned to receive either high-flow nasal oxygen therapy or conventional oxygen therapy during the procedure. The incidence of respiratory complications, blood gas changes, and recovery outcomes will be compared between the two groups.

In this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT), the investigators aim to explore the feasibility of conducting a powered RCT that examines the efficacy and safety of high flow tracheal oxygen (HFTO) in weaning critically ill tracheostomy patients from mechanical ventilation. Objective of the study 1. To assess the feasibility of conducting a larger RCT as primary objective. 2. To explore the effect of using HFTO in mechanically ventilated tracheostomized critically ill patients on ventilator-free days (VFD) compared to standard of care method using tracheal mask (TM) as secondary objective.

Several factors can influence oxygenation monitoring and respiratory support through oxygen therapy: the type of oximeter used, skin pigmentation, and the oxygenation target. It is essential to have an accurate measurement of SpO2 in order to optimize the flow of oxygen or FiO2 administered to patients. The question arises as to the impact of these confounding factors on the FiO2 set during high-flow nasal oxygen therapy. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of the oxygenation target and the oximeter used on FiO2 in patients receiving high-flow nasal oxygen therapy.