Instability, Joint

The study is randomized and single-blinded. Ethical approval is taken from ethical committee of Riphah International University, Lahore. Participants who meet the inclusion criteria will be enrolled and allocated in group A \& B through sealed envelope method by Non-probability Convenient random sampling technique. Subjects in Group A will receive closed kinetic chain exercises. Group B will receive thrower's ten exercises.

This study aims to investigate the effects of various treatments on lumbar and ankle proprioception, balance, and foot function in patients with chronic ankle instability. The objectives include assessing the combined effects of core stability training and intrinsic foot muscle exercises with conventional therapy, the impact of core stability training alone, the effects of intrinsic foot muscle exercises in conjunction with conventional treatment, and the outcomes of conventional therapy alone. Additionally, the study will compare the effectiveness of these different treatment protocols.

Investigators designed this prospective cohort study to compare the clinical outcomes of modified Broström operation and anatomical reconstruction for the treatment of CLAI and GJL.

Background: Ankle sprains are among the most prevalent lesions in primary care. A substantial number of these ligament lesions will develop ankle instability and require a surgical procedure. The Brostrom-Gould technique is the standard surgical approach for this condition, providing excellent results over the years. Thru the last decades, the arthroscopic Brostrom has gain popularity and support by several studies. Yet, there is no consensus regarding the best procedure to treat ankle instability nowadays. Hypothesis: The arthroscopic Brostrom technique will present better levels of pain and function when compared to the standard open approach. Design: blinded, in parallel groups, multicentric, randomized, clinical trial. Materials and Methods: 98 patients with a diagnosis of chronic ankle instability, referred from primary or secondary health care services, will be assessed and enrolled in this study. Participants will be divided in two groups (randomized by sequentially numbered identical envelopes, which will be administered serially to participants), one containing the open Brostrom repair technique and the other comprehending the arthroscopic Brostrom approach. The assessments will occur in 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 weeks. Patients will be evaluated primarily by complications and secondarily the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT), American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Foot Function Index (FFI) and the 36 Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The investigators will use Comparison of Two Proportions via relative frequency analysis, the Pearson Correlation the Chi-Square test and the ANOVA for statistical analyses. Discussion: This study intends to establish if the arthroscopic Brostrom technique can produce excellent and reliable results when treating chronic ankle instability. A shorter surgical time, a better cosmetic appearance and a smaller soft tissue injury would support the choice for this procedure if the outcomes could be compared to the open approach.