Intracranial Hemorrhages

Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. In atrial fibrillation, there is a risk that clots can form in the heart, especially in the left atrium. If these clots come loose, there is a risk of stroke. To prevent strokes, patients with atrial fibrillation and status post ICB can be treated with anticoagulants. This medication therapy prevents blood clots from forming in the heart, but can also cause bleeding. Another therapy option is the occlusion of the left atrium. After closure of the left atrium, only a short anticoagulation therapy is necessary until the occluder has healed. The aim of the study is to compare these two treatment approaches. In this study only already approved drugs and occlusion systems will be used.

MSU-ICH is a prospective, multicenter, Week-wise-randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) clinical trial comparing ultra-early prehospital blood pressure lowering delivered by a Mobile Stroke Unit (MSU) with standard Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

The overall purpose of this study is to look at the safety and effectiveness of administering Tenecteplase (TNK) into the brain bleed (hematoma) instead of another clot-dissolving drug known as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), which is the current standard practice. Clot dissolving (Fibrinolytic) drugs work to break down blood clots and have been found to improve health outcomes when applied directly into the hematoma within the brain. Patients who take part in this study will undergo the same surgical procedure that would normally be performed to treat them, but with the exception of TNK not rtPA.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability among military personnel, Veterans, and civilians. One of the most dangerous complications of moderate-to-severe TBI is intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). If not identified and treated promptly, ICH can rapidly lead to worsening neurological damage or death. Current diagnostic tools, such as CT scans, are highly effective but impractical for battlefield or resource-limited environments due to their large size and infrastructure dependency. The Near-Infrared Detection-Head Imaging (NIRD-HI) system is an innovative, noninvasive device using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) to identify abnormal blood accumulation. Unlike traditional tools, NIRD-HI is compact, lightweight, and portable, making it suitable for remote or austere settings. By dynamically imaging the brain, it generates 3D visualizations that pinpoint the size and location of bleeds, including complex bilateral injuries. This offers a significant improvement over current point-of-injury technologies that lack the resolution to reliably diagnose all forms of ICH. This study supports the FY24 Combat Readiness Medical Research Program by advancing battlefield diagnostic and triage capabilities. The research will: * Evaluate NIRD-HI's accuracy compared to CT imaging. * Assess feasibility in real-world acute care settings. * Investigate its ability to monitor changes in ICH over time. These objectives address the military's need for tools that improve rapid diagnosis and decision-making during emergencies. Implementing this research can revolutionize TBI management. For Service Members, NIRD-HI promises a field-ready solution for early detection, enabling faster intervention and more effective triage. By reducing diagnostic delays, it could save lives and prevent long-term complications. Furthermore, the system supports prolonged field care by providing continuous monitoring of evolving injuries. The benefits extend to civilian healthcare, particularly in rural or underserved areas lacking advanced imaging. This accessibility can improve trauma care outcomes for millions, reduce the burden on healthcare systems, and provide equitable distribution of life-saving technology. By addressing gaps in battlefield medicine, this project aims to enhance medical readiness and improve survivability in the most challenging environments.

The goal of this observational study is to develop and validate a clinical tool to predict which adolescents aged 11 to less than 18 years of age with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are at an increased risk for developing significant new or worsening mental health conditions. The main aims the study wish to answer are: * Does the adolescent have new or worsening depression or anxiety defined as a change from their previous medical history using self-reported questionnaires at either one or three months post-injury? * Does the adolescent have unmet mental health care needs, defined as not receiving any mental or behavior health care in patients with new or worsening anxiety or depression as defined by the self reported questionnaires? Participants will be enrolled after being diagnosed in the emergency department (ED) with an mTBI. During the ED visit, the child's parent/caregiver and the adolescent will complete several questionnaires related to mental health which include tools to measure anxiety and depression. Participants will be asked to complete these questionnaires again at 1 month and 3 months post enrollment.

In this project the investigators study the safety and efficacy of the recent endovascular devices used in treatment of brain aneurysms.

The new Integra CereLink ICP monitor integrate the possibility of recording and displaying continuously the AUC (Pressure Time Dose, PTD) and other ICP derived variables and provide the possibility of evaluating the utility of this information at the bedside. It offers the opportunity to test in a standardized way the clinical value of the PTD computation in this setting. Therefore, this study aims to test clinically if PTD recorded continuously is associated to patients' outcome and to identify a threshold of PTD associated with the transition from good to negative outcomes.

This study looks at whether stroke patients who take FXa inhibitors (a type of blood thinner) can safely receive clot-busting treatment (IVT). IVT is a common emergency treatment for stroke, but current guidelines say it should not be given to people who have taken FXa inhibitors in the last 48 hours. This is because doctors worry that IVT might cause dangerous bleeding in the brain. However, new research suggests that IVT might be safe for these patients. Some studies even show that stroke patients on FXa inhibitors who receive IVT do not have a higher risk of brain bleeding than other stroke patients. But because these studies were not designed as full medical trials, doctors still avoid IVT for this group. The SIFT trial will compare two groups of stroke patients who take FXa inhibitors: One group will receive IVT to see if it helps them recover better. One group will not receive IVT, which is the current standard. Doctors will check if IVT helps with recovery and if it causes any serious bleeding. If IVT is found to be safe and effective, this study could change stroke treatment guidelines and help more patients get life-saving care. Right now, some guidelines say that stroke patients on FXa inhibitors should have a blood test before getting IVT, to measure how much of the drug is in their system. But these tests are not available in most hospitals, and waiting for results could delay important treatment. The SIFT trial will not require this test before giving IVT. More and more people use FXa inhibitors to prevent strokes, but right now, they are being denied IVT based on old rules. If this study proves that IVT is safe for them, it could help doctors give better care to thousands of stroke patients.

This study aims to develop and validate a prognostic model for neurocritical patients using multimodal brain monitoring data. By combining data from various monitoring techniques such as EEG, TCD, and NIRS, this model will help predict 90-day outcomes (awake, comatose, or deceased) and support personalized treatment decisions. The study is observational and involves no experimental interventions.

This prospective, randomized study aims to comprehensively evaluate the impact of cranioplasty timing on postoperative complications and long-term functional outcomes following decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC). The primary endpoint focuses on comparing the rates of various postoperative complications, including infection, seizures, return to the operating room, and the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting, between patients undergoing standard of care cranioplasty (\>3 months after DHC) and those receiving early cranioplasty (within 8 weeks).

The STOP ICH trial is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end-point (PROBE) study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of atorvastatin in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) presenting within 3 to 24 hours of symptom onset.

The goal of this observational study is to train a machine learning system based on data from patients affected by spontaneous Intracranial Hemorrage. The main question it aims to answer is whether there is a correlation between actual clinical pratice, reached outcomes and favorable or unfavorable predictive factors, and anamnesis. Participants will be treated as per standard clinical practice.

Plastic particles are a ubiquitous pollutant in the living environment and food chain, so far, plenty of studies have reported the internal exposure of microplastics and nanoplastics in human tissues and enclosed body fluids. Neurosurgery is the only department that can open the skull. In addition to blood and cerebrospinal fluid, there are brain tissue and tumors in the presence of lesions. Whether any of these microplastics and nanoplastics are present remains a mystery. This prospective observational study will harvest biological samples of neurosurgery patients. The objective of this research is to be able to detect microplastics and nanoplastics on blood and operation samples of neurosurgery patients.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether treatment with remote ischemic conditioning is of sufficient promise to improve outcome before conducting a larger clinical trial to examine its effectiveness as a treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the influence of extracellular water on volume status in adult patients with intracranial hemorrhage presenting with hemodynamic instability. The main question it aims to answer is: • Can measurement of extracellular water contribute to the description of hemodynamic instability in adult patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Patients with intracranial hemorrhage admitted to intensive care will receive standard care with the addition of measurement of extracellular water.

Plasticizers are chemicals commonly found in many everyday items, from food packaging to medical equipment. Although they are pervasive in our daily lives, researchers still don't have a clear picture of their long-term effects on human health. Evidence suggests that these substances might disrupt various biological functions such as the immune system, the balance of gut bacteria, hormone regulation, and brain processes. While some studies have linked plasticizer exposure to health issues, definitive data from human studies are still lacking. The PEACH study aims to bridge these knowledge gaps by investigating how plasticizers affect human health. The study focuses on understanding how these chemicals are absorbed, distributed, and accumulated in the body across different groups of patients. The investigators are particularly interested in how plasticizers influence gut microbiota and the functionality of immune cells, as well as their effects on neurotransmitters involved in brain function. A combination of patient data, systems biology, and laboratory models will be used to thoroughly assess the biological impacts of plasticizers. Advanced techniques such as mass spectrometry will aid in studying toxicokinetic properties, sequencing technologies will be used to examine immune effects, and radiouptake assays will be employed to explore interactions with neurotransmitter transport. This comprehensive methodology will provide new insights into the effects of both short-term and long-term exposure to plasticizers. The PEACH study introduces innovative methods to the field, aiming to create a robust model for understanding how plasticizer compounds behave in the human body. It employs state-of-the-art techniques to assess the dynamics of these chemicals, marking a significant advancement in environmental health research.

The South London Stroke Register (SLSR) is an observational population based registry, combining a population incidence study of stroke events in a geographically defined area of South London and a cohort study of these patients followed up over time. The SLSR has been continually ongoing since January 1995 using the WHO ICD-10 definition of stroke. From April 2022, SLSR will use the new ICD-11 definition for case identification to establish a new prospective cohort of patients identified according to the new definition. Follow up of the existing retrospective cohort of current patients will continue, providing data on long term outcomes of stroke through a program of regular patient interviews up to 15 years after stroke. Outcome measures include health outcomes, such as stroke mortality and recurrence, and measures of activities of daily living, quality of life and mental health (cognition, anxiety, depression). The new data collection will include newly selected scales to best capture variation in key health domains and long term outcomes. The change to ICD-11 is expected to lead to an increase in the incidence of stroke and a reduction in the average severity, but the effects of this change have not yet been measured in any population internationally. There is a need for a high quality population-based stroke incidence study to address this gap. Similarly, the factors determining the health of long-term stroke survivors can only be understood using a long running observational cohort study. The overall purpose of this research is to continue and develop the SLSR data collection and analysis to address the needs of stroke patients in the 2020s. The current programme was funded to address the following objectives as part of a broader NIHR programme grant on using data to improve the lives of stroke survivors: * Understand the impact of the ICD-11 new definition of stroke * Define the outcomes and needs of long-term stroke survivors * Support stroke survivors and stakeholders with these detailed data and analyses * Describe the use of formal, informal, and social care services up to 15 years after stroke * Asses the influence of formal, informal, and social care use on stroke recovery and generate patient-level total costs up to 15 years after stroke

Primary Objective: To identify the optimal interval to restart oral anticoagulation after traumatic intracranial hemorrhage that will minimize thrombotic events and major bleeding by performing a response adaptive randomized (RAR) PROBE clinical trial of restarting in anticoagulant-associated traumatic intracranial hemorrhage patients, comparing restart at 1 week to restart at 2 weeks or at 4 weeks, with a primary composite outcome of major thrombotic events and bleeding. Primary Outcome: 60-day composite of thromboembolic events, defined as DVT, pulmonary emboli, myocardial infarctions, ischemic strokes and systemic emboli, and bleeding events defined as non-CNS major bleeding events (modified BARC3 or above) and worsening index tICrH or new intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH). Secondary objectives of this trial include: 1. To use the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) of the American College of Surgeons - Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), a well-established and highly respected trauma center oversight mechanism, to translate findings of the trial into practice in a closed loop. 2. To establish a relationship between time of restarting and overall secondary events, i.e. a dose response, that favors early restarting (1 week is better than 2 weeks and 2 weeks is better than 4 weeks. 3. To explore patient centered utility weighting of thrombotic versus bleeding composite endpoint components by: A) 60-day Disability Rating Scale (DRS) 24,25 and modified Rankin Scale (mRS)26; B) Trial patient-reported standard gamble utilities including by race, gender and ethnicity. 4. To explore the composite without DVT in the thrombotic component