Malignant Solid Tumors

Tumor hypoxic microenvironment plays an important role in the initiation and progression of solid tumors, as well as tumor invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), as a crucial downstream molecule regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), is highly expressed in various solid tumors and is closely associated with tumor invasiveness, treatment response, and prognosis; thus, it represents an ideal target for tumor diagnosis and therapy. This study aims to explore the diagnostic value of CAIX-targeted PET/CT imaging in various solid tumors, as well as the correlation between tumor uptake and tissue CAIX expression.

Background: Approximately 150 cases of cancer per one million per year are considered rare cancers. While all tumors originate from genetic changes, a small percentage of these tumors are familial. Researchers want to study these changes in biological samples from people with rare tumors in order to learn more about how these tumors develop. The information obtained from this study may lead to improved screening, preventive guidelines, and treatments. Objective: To better understand rare cancers and hereditary cancer syndromes. Eligibility: People who have a rare tumor, a family history of a rare tumor, a hereditary cancer syndrome, or a mutation that leads to rare tumors. Design: Participants will be screened with questions about their medical history and/or that of their family members. They will give a saliva sample. Participants who have a tumor will have their medical records and tests reviewed. They will answer questions about their wellbeing and needs. They may provide a tumor tissue sample. Participants may also have: * Physical exam * Clinical photography * Blood, urine, saliva, and stool samples taken * Consultation with specialists * A scan that produces a picture of the body. Either one that uses a small amount of radiation, or one that uses a magnetic field. * Genetic testing/genetic counseling. Participants will be contacted once a year. They will answer updated questions about their medical and family history. Participants will be asked to contact the study team if there are changes in their tumors. Participants may be invited to join focus groups for people with the same diagnosis of rare tumors. Participants may be invited to participate in other NIH protocols. \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* RARE TUMOR LIST: 1. Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas 2. Adamantinoma 3. Adenosqaumous carcinoma of the pancreas 4. Adrenocortical carcinoma 5. Alveolar soft part sarcoma 6. Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer 7. Angiosarcoma 8. Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor/MRT 9. Carcinoid 10. Carcinoma of Unknown Primary 11. Chondrosarcoma 12. Chondromyxoid fibroma 13. Chordoma 14. Clear cell renal carcinoma 15. Clear Cell Sarcoma 16. Clear cell sarcoma of kidney 17. Conventional chordoma 18. Dedifferentiated chordoma 19. Desmoid 20. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor 21. Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma 22. Esthenioneuroblastoma 23. Ewing Sarcoma 24. Fibrolamellar carcinoma 25. Fusion negative rhabdomyosarcoma 26. Fusion positive renal cell carcinoma 27. Fusion positive rhabdomyosarcoma 28. Gastro-enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor 29. Hepatoblastoma 30. Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer 31. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor 32. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma 33. Malignant ectomesenchymal tumor 34. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor 35. Malignant triton tumor 36. Medullary thyroid cancer 37. Mixed acinar adenocarcinoma 38. Mixed acinar neuroendocrine carcinoma 39. Myxoid Liposarcoma 40. Neuroblastoma 41. Neuroendocrine tumors 42. NUT midline carcinoma 43. Osteosarcoma 44. Pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma with squamous features 45. Pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma 46. Papillary renal cell carcinoma 47. Paraganglioma 48. Parosteal Osteosarcoma 49. Periosteal Osteosarcoma 50. Peripheral nerve sheath tumor 51. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor 52. Pheochromocytoma 53. Pituitary cancer 54. Poorly differentiated chordoma 55. Renal medullary carcinoma 56. Rhabdomyosarcoma 57. Round cell Liposarcoma 58. Schwannoma 59. Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma 60. SDH deficient GIST 61. SMARCB1 deficient tumors 62. SMARCA4 deficient tumors 63. Synovial sarcoma 64. Undifferentiated Sarcoma \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*...

This is an open label, phase 2 study investigating asciminib in patients previously treated with one line of TKI therapy.

Solid tumors occur when cells in an organ or tissue (for example in the lung or liver) start growing out of control (cancer) and form a lump or mass of cells. These solid cancers may grow very far in the general area where they started (called locally advanced) or may spread to other parts of the body (called metastatic), and doctors may not always be able to completely remove them with surgery (called unresectable). This study is a first in human (or FIH) study, which means that this is the first time that the medicine, TAK-505, is given to a smaller group of adults with solid tumors of certain cancer types, such as stomach cancer (gastric adenocarcinoma), cancer of the large bowel (colorectal cancer or CRC), lung cancer (non-small lung cell cancer or NSCLC) and cancer in the mouth, throat or voice box (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma or HNSCC). The main aims of this study are to learn how safe TAK-505 is, how well it works, how well adults with solid tumors tolerate it and to find the dose of TAK-505 that works best with the least side effects. Other aims are to learn how TAK-505 moves through the body (pharmacokinetics (PK)), if it can shrink or slow cancer (preliminary antitumor activity) and to find out if it causes the body's defense system to react to it (immunogenicity).

This study is an open-label, multicenter Phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of SHR-4298 injection in patients with malignant solid tumors.

The purpose of the study is to test a new approach to see if the test results can be reproduced each time the Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is done for an individual patient. The study will explore the use of an imaging agent called hyperpolarized \[1-13C\] pyruvate (HP) with MRI scans. (MRI) is a technique that takes pictures of the body's organs using a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves that cannot be felt. In order to accomplish the goal of the study the patient will have two hyperpolarized MRI scans to assess if scans can be reproduced. The hyperpolarized MRI scans will be compared with the pathological results of the surgery to see if the hyperpolarized MRI provides additional information regarding disease metabolism.

This is an open-label, dose-escalation and dose-expansion Phase I /II clinical study divided into Phase I and Phase II to evaluate the safety and tolerability of JCXH-211 combined with anti-PD-1 antibody in patients with malignant solid tumors.

The study is being conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of SHR-4849 injection combined with other antitumor drugs in patients with malignant solid tumors.

This study aims to evaluate the safety, tolerability and efficacy of SHR-7787 in combination with other anti-tumor drugs in patients with malignant solid tumors.

This study is an open-label, multicenter Phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of SHR-1681 for injection in patients with advanced solid tumors.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if medroxyprogesterone acetate oral suspension (Meishiya®) works to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by single-day moderate to high emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC/HEC) in the whole-process management. It will also learn about the safety of medroxyprogesterone acetate oral suspension (Meishiya®). The main questions it aims to answer are: Does medroxyprogesterone acetate oral suspension (Meishiya®) effectively prevent nausea and vomiting induced by single-day MEC/HEC in the whole-process management? What medical problems do participants have when taking medroxyprogesterone acetate oral suspension (Meishiya®)? Researchers will adopt a multicenter, randomized controlled, open-label trial design and compare the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate oral suspension (Meishiya®) in preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Participants will be: Stratified based on chemotherapy regimens (HEC vs MEC), gender (male vs female), and age (\<55 years vs ≥55 years) Planned to be 126 subjects who are first-time recipients of single-day MEC/HEC for malignant solid tumors Take medroxyprogesterone acetate oral suspension (Meishiya®) as per the study protocol during the chemotherapy period Visit the research centers at specified intervals for checkups and assessments Record details of nausea, vomiting episodes, and any adverse reactions in a diary

This is a prospective clinical study to clarify serum ferritin as a biomarker for the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis of immune-related adverse event(irAE).

To evaluate the safety and tolerability of JCXH-212 monotherapy and combined with Toripalimab in patients with malignant solid tumors; to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and to evaluate the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of JCXH-212 monotherapy and combined with Toripalimab.

The investigators will collect biosamples of patient blood and tumour tissue for further immunological analysis of blood cell subpopulations, immunosupressive factors concentration, HLA expression an lymphocytes and tumour tissue, and and cancer testis antigenes expression on tumour cells, as well as clinical data on patient's stage, therapy, response and demographics. Possible prognostic and predictive dynamic biomarkers will be discovered for individualisation of treatment strategies