Malnutrition in Children

This study aims to develop and test MybYte, a smartphone tool designed to support personalised nutrition for teenagers aged 12-18 undergoing cancer treatment. MybYte will ask short questions about eating, appetite and treatment-related symptoms and provide personalised nutrition advice developed by healthcare professionals. In Phase 1, around 15 teenagers will help co-design and refine the tool through interviews and feedback. In Phase 2, around 15 newly diagnosed teenagers will use MybYte for one week each month over six months, alongside routine assessments of nutrition, body composition, taste, energy needs and quality of life. The study will assess whether MybYte is acceptable, practical and helpful for teenagers receiving cancer treatment.

This study will assess the impact of a school meal program on the nutritional status and academic performance of primary school children in Lahore, Pakistan. Children aged 6-11 years from selected government primary schools will participate in the study. Children in the intervention group will receive a balanced school meal during school hours for 12 weeks, providing approximately one-third of their daily energy requirement, while children in the control group will continue their usual dietary practices. The study will compare changes in children's nutritional status, including weight, height, body mass index, mid-upper arm circumference, and body composition, as well as school attendance and examination performance. The study will also examine whether nutritional status is related to academic performance.

The goal of this study is to test if a two-way text-message (SMS) maternally administered malnutrition monitoring system (MAMMS) that delivers infant and young child feeding (IYCF) education and supports caregivers in monitoring their child's nutritional status at home can improve nutritional outcomes for HIV-exposed children. The aims include 1) to determine whether the MAMMS IYCF intervention lowers the incidence of malnutrition, leads to a shorter time to recover for those that become malnourished and results in a lower incidence of hospitalizations, severe malnutrition and death, 2) to determine the cost and cost-effectiveness of the MAMMS IYCF intervention, and 3) to determine the effect of the MAMMS IYCF intervention on the behavior and attitudes of participants through change in age-appropriate feeding, IYCF knowledge, trust in the healthcare system, and intention to seek care if the child becomes wasted. The study team will enroll 776 caregiver-child pairs aged between 6 and 24 months in Migori and Homa Bay County, Kenya. Each caregiver-child pair will be randomly assigned to either the MAMMS IYCF intervention or standard of care (SOC) and followed for 180 days (about 6 months). Caregivers assigned to the intervention arm will be asked to respond to weekly messages with the color of the MUAC tape after measuring their child's arm after being trained on how to use the MUAC measuring tape. Weekly messages will include IYCF education and other age-appropriate child health related information. Caregivers in the SOC arm will receive clinic appointment and study visit reminders only. Caregivers in the intervention arm and the SOC arm will be asked to attend the study clinic for follow-up visits at Day 90 and Day 180. At enrollment and follow-up visits, the study team will administer a survey including a child's medical history, a standardized child clinical examination, and anthropometry.

This project aims to reduce child malnutrition in Pakistan by building on local strengths and practical community solutions. The project focuses on children 7-23 months of age. The investigators will aim to recruit young children between 7-15 months of age, giving the youngest children priority over older children so that participants may be followed longitudinally over 6 and 12 months. The project supports participants for six months through learning, practice, and regular follow-up. The work begins with community sensitization events, where local families learn about healthy feeding for young children through group discussions, visuals, and printed materials. These sessions build awareness, encourage community support, and prepare families for the main intervention. The core of the project is a 28-day behaviour change program. In the first two weeks, mothers and children take part in daily "Hearth" sessions, which are interactive, home-like meetings that teach practical feeding, hygiene, and caregiving skills using local foods. In the next two weeks, mothers apply learned skills at home while being visited regularly by project staff, who provide support and monitor child growth. If children gain at least 400 grams, as recommended by WHO, families graduate to monthly check-ins; if not, families may repeat the 28-day cycle up to three times. This approach targets chronic malnutrition by supporting families in adopting sustainable caregiving practices rather than providing short-term aid. Educational materials developed with community input support the learning process. Designed with visuals and minimal text, the materials are accessible to both literate and illiterate parents and are distributed widely to encourage shared responsibility for child health. To measure success, the project uses surveys and growth measurements for both treatment and control groups. Surveys gather information about family demographics, feeding and hygiene behaviours, and health practices, while trained staff measure children's height and weight at regular intervals. The data will help determine whether the intervention improves children's nutritional status and caregiving practices. Ultimately, the project seeks to empower families and communities to use local resources and knowledge to support healthier child growth. The project combines community engagement, hands-on learning, and scientific evaluation to promote lasting change in how families feed, nurture, and care for young children.

Reports from the Kenya Red Cross Society (KRCS) in Kwale County, southern Kenya, indicate a limited impact of Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods (RUTFs) on malnutrition or anemia. The current RUTF formulation may have an excessively high iron content. In severely acutely malnourished (SAM) children, iron cannot be properly absorbed, leading to life-threatening diarrhea. The overall aim of this project is to develop an improved RUTF treatment that addresses acute malnutrition and anemia in children, ensuring both safety and efficacy. Specifically, to assess the impact of malnutrition on fractional iron absorption (FIA) from RUTFs in children, by comparing healthy children to those with acute malnutrition and by tracking changes in FIA in malnourished children over the course of treatment.

Malnutrition in women of reproductive age remains a public health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Malnutrition during pregnancy affects foetal growth with a tendency of the exposed infants to also develop it. The interaction of the mother with the infant shapes the seeding and the trajectory of the infant intestinal microbiota which is crucial for development of a healthy immune system Malnutrition has been associated with intestinal inflammation, intestinal leakage and reduced calorie absorption. Early life malnutrition and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) immunopathology remains poorly described in the context of mother-infant dyads. This is essential as malnutrition, poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH), including the presence of infectious diseases limit the developmental potential of the exposed infants in SSA, including Zimbabwe. In addition, maternal stress and poor mental health may also affect standard hygiene practices, including how a mother cares for her baby, potentially aggravating EED and the risk of the infant being malnourished. Primary outcomes 1. Infant malnutrition and recovery. 2. Gut dysfunction (gut inflammation, leaky gut, malabsorption, dysbiosis) 3. Diarrhea episodes, defined as any episode of acute diarrhoea (≥3 passages of loose stool within 24 hours as reported by the mother) occurring before the next study visit. Definition of malnutrition outcomes to be assessed in babies born to malnourished women, is a mid- upper arm circumference (MUAC) \<23cm; * MUAC for age: Malnourished defined as those below -2 standard (SD) of the World Health Organisation (WHO) reference * Weight-for-age: Underweight defined as those below -2SD WHO reference * Weight-for-height: Wasted defined as those below -2SD WHO reference * Height-for-age: Stunted defined as those below -2SD WHO reference * Z-scores (as they are i.e. a continuous variable, taking age of infants into account) * A composite variable, any of malnourished, underweight, wasted or stunted.

This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the effect of malnutrition on liver and spleen stiffness in children using shear wave elastography. Two groups of participants will be enrolled: children diagnosed with malnutrition and age-matched healthy controls. Organ stiffness measurements will be compared between the two groups to assess the impact of malnutrition on liver and spleen tissue properties.

The goal of this cluster randomized controlled trial is to study the effectiveness of the Nutrition Package (Yingyangbao) on improving malnutrition in children and adolescents aged 7-15 in Myanmar. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What is the effectiveness of Nutrition Package intervention on the growth, development, and nutritional health of children and adolescents aged 7-15 in Myanmar? * How safe and feasible is the Nutrition package? Researchers will compare the Nutrition Package plus probiotics, the Nutrition Package alone, and no intervention to see if the Nutrition Package improves malnutrition and other health outcomes of children and adolescents aged 7-15 in Myanmar. Participants will receive Nutrition Package products for six months and have their height, weight, mid-upper arm circumference, and hemoglobin levels measured and compared at baseline and end.