Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Obesity

Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is one of the most common causes of sudden, painless, usually unilateral vision loss in adults over 50 years of age, and no proven effective treatment exists. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA), such as semaglutide and tirzepatide, are widely used for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Since 2023, case series, cohort studies and regulatory reviews have raised the possibility of an association between semaglutide and NAION, but published evidence is conflicting, and data in non-diabetic obese patients are limited. This retrospective, single-center, descriptive real-world study will review the existing records of non-diabetic obese adults (BMI \> 30) who used a GLP-1 RA and attended the ophthalmology outpatient clinic between January 2025 and February 2026 with at least two eye examinations. The aim is to describe the occurrence and time-related change of NAION and related ophthalmic findings in this population.