Non-variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) is a common medical emergency requiring hospitalization. The cornerstone of ANVUGIB management is effective gastric acid suppression. Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) represent a novel class of gastric acid secretion inhibitors, which can rapidly and consistently increase intragastric pH. Keverprazan, a novel P-CAB, has been shown to be effective in treating duodenal ulcers and erosive esophagitis. Herein, we have designed a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) to determine whether keverprazan is noninferior to pantoprazole in preventing rebleeding after successful initial hemostasis in patients with ANVUGIB.

The goal of this observational study is to learn about the carbon footprint produced from diagnostic upper GI endoscopy in patients with dyspepsia and therapeutic upper GI endoscopy in patients with non-variceal upper GI bleeding. The main question it aims to answer is: • How much carbon footprint is generated from upper GI endoscopy Participants are already receiving diagnostic and therapeutic upper GI endoscopy as part of their regular medical care for dyspepsia and non-variceal upper GI bleeding, respectively. The carbon footprint generated from this treatment process is examined.