Optical Imaging

This multicentre feasibility study evaluates the feasibility of performing laparoscopic Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) measurements of rectal perfusion during rectal cancer surgery. To our knowledge, LSCI has not previously been applied laparoscopically for intraoperative assessment of rectal perfusion in this setting. Laparoscopic LSCI measurements will be compared with indocyanine green fluorescence imaging, and associations between quantitative measures of colorectal perfusion and postoperative outcomes, including anastomotic leakage, will be explored.

The goal of this observational study is to compare the diagnostic performance of three detection methods for approximal carious lesions in primary molars among pediatric patients aged 4-10 years. The study focuses on children in three age groups: 4-6 years, 6-8 years, and 8-10 years. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Are the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) different across the three diagnostic techniques (bitewing radiography, near-infrared light transillumination, and their combination)? * Are these diagnostic parameters influenced by patient age? * Which technique yields the highest level of patient acceptance? Researchers will compare the three diagnostic approaches to determine whether age influences diagnostic performance and patient acceptance. Participants will: * Be examined using bitewing radiography and near-infrared light transillumination * Undergo tooth separation for 7 days using orthodontic elastic separators * Receive clinical examination of the target approximal surface * Be asked to rate their experience using the Simplified Facial Pain Scale (S-FPS)