Overweight and Obese

Overweight and obesity are associated with impaired breathing mechanics, including reduced chest wall and diaphragmatic movement, decreased respiratory muscle strength and endurance, and inefficient breathing patterns. These changes may adversely affect pulmonary function, autonomic regulation, and physical capacity. This study aims to compare the effects of kettlebell swing exercise combined with breathing training versus breathing training alone in individuals with overweight or obesity. Outcomes will include respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, heart rate variability, and body composition. The findings may help determine whether adding kettlebell swing exercise to breathing training provides additional benefits for respiratory and cardiometabolic health in this population.