Pediatric Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, but it can also affect the autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular function. Certain anti-epileptic medications and seizure activity may influence cardiac rhythm, beat-to-beat heart rate variability (HRV), and ventricular repolarization (measured by the QT interval). The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate autonomic tone and cardiac electrical conduction in children with epilepsy receiving anti-epileptic drugs by measuring time-domain HRV and the corrected QT (QTc) interval, comparing patients on monotherapy, patients on polytherapy, and healthy controls. A total of 60 children aged 1 to 18 years will be enrolled across three groups: 20 children with epilepsy receiving single-drug therapy (monotherapy), 20 children with epilepsy receiving two or more medications (polytherapy), and 20 healthy children serving as controls. All participants will complete non-invasive assessments during a single visit, including: * Collection of clinical and demographic data (age, sex, epilepsy duration, and medication details) * A standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) to measure the QT interval and calculate the QTc using Fridericia's formula * A 5-minute continuous resting ECG recorded in a supine position after 10 minutes of quiet rest to calculate time-domain HRV parameters (SDNN, RMSSD, and pNN50) The findings aim to detect early autonomic or electrophysiological alterations, aiding in the understanding of cardiac safety in pediatric epilepsy management.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of social cognition skills in pediatric epilepsy compared to healthy children. There are evidences indicating that children with epilepsy have executive dysfunctions and language problems. Executive functions refer to multiple cognitive processes that contribute to human higher order abilities, such as purposeful and future-orientated behavior. Moreover, the literature regarding development of non epileptic children, with ordinary development indicates that executive functions and language are linked to the emergence of social cognition. Then, the investigators asked if children with epilepsy, as they commonly present executive dysfunctions, would show an atypical development of social cognition. Children with epilepsy and a control group of healthy volunteers will be compared to identify relationships between executive functions, language and social cognition.

A diagnostic accuracy study on Artificial intelligence EEG analysis system assisted doctors to diagnose pediatric epilepsy.