Respiratory Complication

The purpose of this study is to evaluate opioid dose effects on the ability of the diaphragm muscle to generate higher force behaviors.

Investigators will enroll 493 patients who will undergo non-cardiac surgery, receive supplemental oxygen via face mask or nasal cannula, and will be on continuous pulse oximetry monitor in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Research personnel will screen and select subjects for this study. The CRA will ensure that each subject meets the enrollment criteria, and the informed consent is properly executed. Upon arrival at the PACU, each subject will be fitted with a supplemental oxygen mask or nasal cannula containing the Linshom sensor, which will be connected to Linshom Cyber G-15 monitor for data collection. A pulse oximeter will be applied to the hand (non-NIBP arm), which will be connected to a hospital monitor (SOC). The Linshom G-15 monitor will collect data every 100 milliseconds. The Linshom CPRM will automatically initiate baseline data capture. The CRA will begin recording any clinical interventions (e.g., medications and stimulation upon detection of changes in patient's condition) that are performed by the PACU staff, paying close attention to time at which those interventions occurred. Data collection will be performed throughout the subject's entire PACU stay. After data collection, the Linshom engineers will retrieve the data from all monitors and time-sync all data collected from each patient (Linshom CPRM and pulse oximetry). Manually recorded data regarding the time points at which clinical interventions were provided by the PACU staff will also be reviewed and those time points will be noted as RDEs. The Linshom CPRM system monitors the distinct metric of RDE occurrence. Throughout a given patient's stay, nurses will be provided with two distinct cues (each cue comprised of an auditory and visual component), 1 from CPRM, 1 from SoC, alerting them to a patient's respiratory state. In addition, clinical staff will have access to a summary metrics of critical parameters and RDE occurrences on the Linshom monitor (total RDE count, time since last RDE).

The purpose of the study is to show if it's possible to use a special kind of ultrasound called backscatter quantitative ultrasound (bQUS) to check on a baby's lungs when the mother is 36 weeks pregnant. 16 participants will be on study for a single 30 minute ultrasound between 32 and 36 weeks of pregnancy.

This study aims to evaluate the relevance of using point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) in modifying the physiotherapist's treatment plan for patients hospitalized in a general ward.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) and diaphragm shear-wave elastography (SWE) during state-of-the-art respiratory muscle testing including volitional efforts (e.g., maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, Valsalva maneuver), as well as maximal phrenic nerve stimulation.

When mechanical ventilation is initiated, a humidification method should be chosen. There is two methods: heat and humidity exchanger filters or heated humidity. The second method is recognized to be more efficient, but many external factors can influence its performance. Insufficient humidity results in observable problems, such as difficult management of respiratory secretions. The study compare two heated humidifiers already used in ICU. Data will be collected retrospectively from June 1, 2021.

The prevalence of transfusion reactions is between 1 and 11% of transfusions. Most reactions are mild and do not pose a life-threatening risk to the patient. More serious problems may be the only manifestations that lead to suspicion of a transfusion reaction. Most noninfectious transfusion reactions are immune-mediated. Two main types of reactions can be distinguished: TACO (transfusion associated cardiac overload, which is a cardiogenic pulmonary edema) and TRALI (transfusion related acute lung injury, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema). Although TRALI are diagnoses of exclusion, the presence of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and respiratory problems in the vicinity of blood product transfusions should raise suspicion. Other signs of TRALI are hypotension and tachycardia, while in TACO arterial hypertension with positive water balance can be observed. According to previous reports, the prevalence of transfusion reactions in the neonatal population is approximately 8%. Factors associated with these reactions are low birth weight and low gestational age. However, diagnostic criteria of respiratory transfusion reactions are not uniform across studies, and often the generic terms "acute lung injury" have been used. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to evaluate the respiratory trend during blood transfusions; secondary objectives are the study of risk factors for the development of respiratory worsening and the possible association with complications.