Severe Obesity

This prospective observational cohort study will develop and externally validate a human-supervised, explainable artificial-intelligence decision-support model for analysing factors associated with biliopancreatic limb length selection during one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). The study will record three prespecified factors: the percentage of the laparoscopic instrument segment J-I covered by visceral or omental fat (P\_JI = 100 × FI/JI), the measured total small-bowel length (TSBL), and the abdominal integral index (AII = (CD/AC) + (CG/EG) + (JI/FI)). The study will evaluate weight-loss effectiveness, nutritional and malabsorptive outcomes, bile/acid reflux, major complications, and technical feasibility. During model development, the AI system will not autonomously assign a BPL length. The operating bariatric surgeon will make the clinical decision, and the model will be evaluated for calibration, external validity, factor contribution, safety constraints, and abstention.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity and its associated diseases. Advances in surgical techniques, enhanced recovery protocols, and multimodal perioperative care have made earlier hospital discharge possible while maintaining patient safety. This observational cohort study aims to evaluate the economic impact of an early discharge pathway consisting of 24 hours of hospital stay followed by Hospital-at-Home care, compared with the conventional 48-hour hospital stay after bariatric surgery. The study will compare healthcare costs, resource utilization, clinical safety, organizational efficiency, applicability of the early discharge pathway, and patient satisfaction between both postoperative care models under routine clinical practice.

Cirrhosis is a form of advanced liver disease that can lead to serious complications, especially when combined with severe obesity. Many patients with cirrhosis also develop a condition called clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH), which is increased pressure in the veins of the liver. CSPH raises the risk of life-threatening events like internal bleeding and liver failure. Unfortunately, treatment options for people who have both cirrhosis and severe obesity are very limited, especially when portal hypertension is present. This study, called the OPTIMAL Trial, is a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate whether combining two procedures improves health outcomes in this high-risk population. The first procedure, called TIPS (Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt), is a minimally invasive treatment that reduces pressure in the liver by creating a pathway for blood to flow more easily. The second procedure is sleeve gastrectomy, a form of metabolic (bariatric) surgery that helps patients lose weight and improve related conditions like diabetes. The study will compare two groups: 1. One group will receive TIPS followed by sleeve gastrectomy (TIPS+SG). 2. The other group will receive medical weight management (standard non-surgical care, including diet, lifestyle changes, and weight loss medications). All participants will have severe obesity and cirrhosis with CSPH but will not have decompensated liver disease (such as large amounts of fluid in the abdomen, a history of variceal bleeding, or recent liver failure). Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups. The main goal of the study is to determine whether the combination of TIPS + SG improves quality of life and leads to greater weight loss compared to medical therapy alone. The study will also monitor for any complications from either the procedures or the medical treatment. Participants will be followed for 6 months after their treatment starts, with periodic assessments of their physical health, liver function, and overall well-being. Some participants may also be followed for a longer period to assess long-term outcomes. This study hopes to provide high-quality evidence for a novel, stepwise treatment strategy that may help people with obesity and liver disease live longer, healthier lives. If successful, it could change how advanced liver disease and obesity are managed together, especially in patients who currently have few safe and effective options. All study care is provided at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

This randomized clinical trial aims to compare two surgical techniques for the treatment of obesity in patients who also have symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The study will compare Nissen-Sleeve Gastrectomy (N-SG)-a sleeve gastrectomy combined with a reflux-preventing procedure-to the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), which is the current standard surgical option for obese patients with GERD. Both procedures are widely used to treat severe obesity, but they differ in how they affect the digestive system and the potential for reflux control, nutritional outcomes, and future surgical options. N-SG is a newer technique that preserves the natural pathway of the gastrointestinal tract and allows standard endoscopic access to the bile ducts, which may be beneficial for long-term patient care. RYGB, on the other hand, bypasses part of the stomach and small intestine, which may lead to better reflux resolution but carries risks of nutritional deficiencies and altered anatomy. Eligible participants with obesity and GERD symptoms will be randomly assigned to receive either N-SG or RYGB. The primary goal is to evaluate whether N-SG is not inferior to RYGB in reducing GERD symptoms one year after surgery. Secondary outcomes include weight loss, quality of life, surgical complications, and changes in the hormone ghrelin, which is involved in appetite regulation. In addition, a larger control group of patients without GERD undergoing standard sleeve gastrectomy will be recruited to allow further comparisons. All participants will be followed for one year after surgery, with blood samples, questionnaires, and clinical data collected to assess both metabolic and reflux-related outcomes. This study is being conducted at the University Hospital in Kraków, Poland, and aims to improve the personalization of bariatric treatment for patients suffering from both obesity and reflux.

The SMART study is a 96-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled superiority clinical trial. A total of 256 severe obesity patients are randomized 1:1 to either receive the bariatric surgery plus GCG/GLP-1 dual receptor agonist group (receiving sleeve gastrectomy followed by subcutaneous injections of mazdutide weekly, with stepwise dose escalation to a maintenance dose per protocol) or the bariatric surgery plus placebo group (receiving matched procedure plus placebo injections). The primary objective is to evaluate the potential enhancing weight reduction effects of the combination therapy with bariatric surgery and mazdutide measured by the percentage change of excess weight loss.

Background: Bariatric surgery is gaining in popularity. While it's health benefits are undisputed, the older malabsorptive bariatric procedures (Roux-in-Y gastric bypass - RYGB and biliopancreatic diversion - BPD) are associated with an increased risk of fractures and falls as early as 3-5 years after surgery. Sleeve gastrectomy - SG is now the most performed bariatric procedure. Although SG does not cause malabsorption, it is predicted to result in bone and muscle loss via weight loss and weight loss-independent mechanisms. Primary aim: to compare the changes in spine volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and muscle mass at mid-femur by computed tomography (CT) at 3 years in the 3 groups of: 1) men; 2) premenopausal women; 3) postmenopausal women after SG versus their respective non-surgical peers who did not undergo SG in the 3-year period following recruitment. Secondary aims: to compare the changes in vBMD by QCT at skeletal sites other than the spine and in areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), whole-body muscle mass by DXA, muscle quality by CT at mid-femur and muscle strength as well as in selected physical performance and capacity tests shown to predict falls and fractures between 0-1 and 1-3 years after SG in the same 3 groups after SG vs. in the respective non-surgical groups.

The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of endoscopic anastomosis of sleeve gastrectomy to ileum with a lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) after a failed sleeve gastrectomy.