Socioemotional Development

What is this study about? This study will test a program called "Newenkantun" (which refers to a hand-strength game in Mapuche culture) designed to help young children develop important social and emotional skills through play and physical activity. The program focuses on helping children learn how to understand and manage their emotions, get along with others, and make good decisions - skills that are important for success in school and life. Why is this study being done? The early years of childhood are a critical time for developing social, emotional, and physical skills. Many children, especially those from low-income families, face challenges that make it harder to develop these skills. This study will test whether a program that combines active play, social-emotional learning, and family involvement can help young children in the Araucanía region of Chile develop these important abilities. The program also aims to help children be more physically active, spend less time on screens, and get better sleep - all of which are important for healthy development. Who can participate? Children ages 4-6 years old (attending transition levels 1 and 2 in early childhood education) in the cities of Temuco and Padre Las Casas in the Araucanía region of Chile. Both their teachers and parents/guardians will also participate in the program. What will participants do? Children will participate in play-based activities at their schools over 16 weeks. These activities use storytelling and imaginative play (like pretending to be different characters) to help them practice social and emotional skills. The activities respect and incorporate the cultural background of the Araucanía region, including Mapuche cultural elements. Teachers will receive training and support (both in-person and online) to learn how to teach social-emotional skills and promote healthy movement behaviors in their classrooms. They will receive materials and kits to help them run play activities. Parents and guardians will receive support through an online platform, app, social media, and printed materials. They will learn about the importance of social-emotional development and healthy movement habits, and get practical tips for supporting these at home. The program includes 8 topics delivered over 4 months, with each topic taking about 30 minutes to complete. What will be measured? Researchers will measure: Children's social and emotional skills (like managing emotions, getting along with others, and making responsible decisions) Physical activity levels, screen time, and sleep patterns Motor skills and thinking abilities Teachers' confidence and practices in teaching social-emotional skills Parents' support practices at home The school environment and how well it supports these skills These measurements will happen at the beginning of the program, at the end, and at follow-up visits 3, 6, and 12 months after the program ends. How is the study designed? The study uses a "stepped-wedge" design, which means that 10 schools will start the program at different times, chosen randomly. This design allows all schools to eventually receive the program while still allowing researchers to compare results. Each school will participate for 16 weeks, and researchers will follow what happens afterwards to see if the benefits last over time. What are the potential benefits? If successful, this program could provide a practical, culturally appropriate way to help young children develop important social, emotional, and physical skills during a critical time in their development. The program is designed to be sustainable and could potentially be used in other schools and communities in the future.

The goal of this clinical trial is to optimize a school-based therapeutic play intervention in preschool students with mild to moderate school adjustment difficulties. The aims are: 1. Determine the independent and combined effects of three intervention components (individual play, peer play, and classroom push-in sessions) on preschool children's social and emotional competence, using a factorial experimental design. 2. Use a community-engaged approach to identify and disseminate the optimized version of Primary Project for preschool implementation Researchers will compare the main and interactive effects of three components on children's social-emotional competencies. Participants will take part in a therapeutic play intervention in the school setting, and their teachers and caregivers will complete assessment instruments on children's social and emotional functioning.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of early intervention (placement into foster care, and a caregiving training) on physical, cognitive, social and brain development and psychiatric symptomatology in children place in out-of-home care.