Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC AND ELASTOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE MASSETER MUSCLE AFTER TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ARTHROCENTESIS

This randomized controlled trial will be conducted among 18-25-year-old participants who present with temporomandibular joint dysfunction symptoms, including pain, limited range of motion, and joint crepitation. Participants will be randomly allocated into control and intervention groups using block randomization. The control group will receive a standard physiotherapy program, while the intervention group will additionally perform telerehabilitation-based dual-task exercises. The intervention will last for six weeks, with progressive increases in exercise and cognitive task difficulty. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at the end of the 6th week. Primary and secondary outcome measures include pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale), jaw functional limitation (Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20), oral habits, static balance (Tetrax system), and dynamic balance (Timed Up and Go Test). Within-group and between-group comparisons will be performed. The sample size was calculated using power analysis, resulting in 30 participants in total (15 per group), accounting for potential dropouts.

The temporomandibular joint dysfunction is the second most common musculoskeletal pain after back pain, causing jaw pain, restricted movement, and joint sounds. NPRS and millimeter ruler will be used for the assessment of patient. This study will compare the effects of Mulligan and Maitland mobilization, commonly used treatment, on pain and Temporomandibular joint mobility through a randomized controlled trial, involving 30 participants divided into two groups for treatment.

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are commonly managed with non-invasive interventions such as manual therapy, therapeutic exercise, relaxation techniques, and patient education. Core strengthening (also known as abdominal strengthening) is a fundamental element of physical therapy that engages deep and superficial trunk musculature to enhance postural control and functional performance. Protocols such as the Shirley Sahrmann progression have demonstrated increased activation of key core stabilizing muscles. Emerging evidence suggests a potential relationship between core stability training and reductions in TMD-related pain, though improvements in functional outcomes remain inconclusive. Biomechanical links between the pelvic floor, spine, and temporomandibular joint further support the rationale for core-focused interventions. Nevertheless, few studies have isolated the effects of core strengthening on TMD symptomatology. This study seeks to determine whether the integration of core stability exercises into TMD management can reduce pain, improve function, and enhance quality of life.

Background: Among the instrumental devices that have been proposed over the years to integrate the clinical evaluation of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), imaging techniques are the most studied, showing that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the technique most need to describe the anatomy of the TMJ and to evaluate the correlation of imaging findings with the clinical diagnosis . Despite the amount available studies on the use of MRI for evaluation of TMJ disorders and treatments, there is a lack of studies that evaluate the imaging findings after physical therapy. Purpose: To evaluate the influence of nonspecific mandibular mobilization about the positioning of the articular disc by MRI in individuals with TMD diagnosis of anterior disc displacement with and without reduction according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Analyze the behavior of pain through the numerical scale of pain assessment (END) at baseline and after each treatment session, the quality of life of individuals with TMD at baseline, immediately, three and six months after the treatment sessions by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL - BREF), and The Patient's Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) at baseline and after treatment. The treatment will be performed three times a week during four weeks. Metodology: This is a randomized, placebo controlled, blind study designed to assess the effects of techniques nonspecific mandibular mobilization x placebo. Individuals will be randomized and divided into two groups: Group A (intervention) and Group B (placebo). Statistic analysis: The positioning of the articular disc, extracted through the use of MRI, will be considered the primary outcome and, as a secondary outcome will be assessed the quality of life, pain and function after treatment. The adherence of the data to a Gaussian curve will be verified by the Shapiro-Wilk and the data are expressed as mean values and standard deviation. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test will be used for inter-and intra-group comparisons. The significance level is adjusted p ≤ 0.05.

The aims of this study were to perform cultural adaptation of the Craniocervical Dysfunction Index in patients with Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction, reliability and validity of the index Turkish speaking adults.

Comparison of effects of dry needling and myofascial massage therapy on masseter muscle in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. A randomized control trial was conducted at DSK Physio \& Rehab Centre, Ulfat Dental Associates and The Physiotherapy Clinic, Islamabad. The sample size was 24 calculated through G-power 3.1. The participants were divided into two interventional groups each having 12 participants. The study duration was six months. Sampling technique applied was convenience sampling for recruitment and group randomization using flip coin method. Only 25 to 45 years participants with having TMJ Dysfunction and reduced mouth opening were included in the study. Tools used in this study are NPRS, Maximal Mouth Opening and Fonseca Anamnestic Index. Data was collected at baseline, at the end of 1st week and 3rd week. Data analyzed through SPSS version26.

Telerehabilitation is a treatment method that allows the patient to access treatment remotely, regardless of where they are, thanks to developing technology. Telerehabilitation provides us with opportunities such as patient evaluation, monitoring, therapy, consultation, education and patient follow-up. Within the scope of our study, the effects of applying an exercise program to patients through a home exercise program and telerehabilitation will be investigated. The purpose of this study for individuals with temporomandibular joint dysfunction is; To investigate the effectiveness of exercises for myofascial pain through telerehabilitation in individuals with myofascial pain and TMJ dysfunction.