Tracheostomy Complication

Tracheostomy is one of the most common procedures in intensive care units. Post-tracheostomy increased body temperature within 24 hours is common. However, frequently sepsis workup is performed along with initiation of broad spectrum antibiotic therapy. We will investigate the incidence of post tracheostomy fever and whether retrospectively the increased temperature indicated development of sepsis or not. The study is retrospective and will be based on data collection.

Study Objective: This observational study aims to prospectively investigate to what extent tracheostomy-related complications in children are asymptomatic or associated with symptoms when detected through surveillance airway endoscopy. We also aim at investigating how reliable caregiver reports and investigations by pediatriscians are in identifying symptoms associated with severe tracheostomy-related airway complications. Study Population: The study population comprises children under 18 years of age undergoing follow-up at the Long-Term Intensive Care Unit (LIVA) at Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Research Questions: 1. To what extent are tracheostomy-related complications in children asymptomatic when detected through surveillance airway endoscopy? 2. How reliable are caregiver reports in identifying symptoms associated with tracheostomy-related airway complications? Methods: Children scheduled for surveillance airway endoscopy are admitted to LIVA. Upon admission, the caregiver is asked to complete a short questionnaire regarding symptoms that may indicate a tracheostomy-related complication. After the questionnaire has been completed, the child will be examined by the responsible paediatrician, with the aim of identifying any signs or symptoms that could indicate an airway complication. The examination includes physical examination and medical history conducted according to a predefined protocol. The airway endoscopy is performed by an ENT surgeon who has not examined the patient beforehand and is not informed of the caregiver's responses nor the result of the examination by the pediatrician. However, there is no strict protocol in place to blind the surgeon to any visibly apparent symptoms or to information that may be spontaneously reported by the caregiver or paediatrician.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate nutrition administration in the time around the tracheostomy in patients with breathing tubes. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Will continuing nutrition up to the time of surgery (tracheostomy) decrease nutrition interruptions, thereby increasing food intake? * Does continuing nutrition up to the time of surgery increase instances of food going into the lungs or lung infections? Researchers will compare patients who have nutrition withheld 6 hours prior to surgery versus those who receive nutrition up until the time of surgery to see if there are differences in food intake, instances of food entering the lungs or lung infections.

The objective of this project is to evaluate the effect of applying an individualized inspiratory muscle training regimen, combining strength and endurance exercises over a two-week period, on improving maximum inspiratory pressure, diaphragm thickness fraction, and its impact on successful decannulation time in patients with tracheostomy secondary to prolonged mechanical ventilation at HRLBO. Two groups of adult tracheostomized patients will be assessed: an experimental group, who will follow an individualized inspiratory muscle training regimen for 14 days along with standard physiotherapy, and a control group, who will receive standard physiotherapy and guided weaning through scheduled disconnection windows from mechanical ventilation. Both groups will be compared in terms of decannulation time, ICU length of stay, hospital days, and quality of life survey scores. The results of this study will help optimize the management of tracheostomized patients locally and nationally, reducing economic costs for both the country and the patients, and improving their quality of life, contributing to some health objectives for the 2011-2020 decade.

Primary Purpose: To investigate the incidence and risk factors related to the appearance of tracheal phlegmon in patients undergoing percutaneous tracheostomy. Participant Population/Primary Condition: Patients admitted to Intensive Care Main Questions Aims to Answer: 1. \- What are the risk factors associated with the development of tracheal phlegmon percutaneous tracheostomy? 2. \- How does the appearance of tracheal phlegmon impact intensive care stay, hospital stay, mortality, and Health-related quality of life? Participants will be followed up after undergoing tracheostomy for 7 days to identify eventual phlegmons. At the two-year follow-up, the health-related quality of life will be assessed

The mean of this study is to compare primary and secondary closure of tracheo-cutaneous fistulas and evaluate the differences in outcomes between both techniques.