Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome

This is a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), individuals with pre-COPD, and healthy participants. The study will enroll approximately 400 participants, including individuals with pre-COPD, patients with stable COPD at different GOLD stages, patients with acute exacerbation of COPD, and healthy controls. Participants will not be assigned to any study intervention. Clinical information, pulmonary function, imaging information, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome assessment, and biological samples will be collected according to the study protocol. Multi-omics analyses, including metagenomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, will be used to characterize molecular features associated with COPD stages and traditional Chinese medicine syndromes. Participants will be followed to evaluate clinical characteristics, exacerbations, pulmonary function changes, and multi-omics features over time.