Transplant Recipients

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether kidney transplant follow-up visits run by a health professional using an artificial intelligence (AI) computer helper are as good as usual follow-up visits with a doctor. People who receive a kidney transplant need check-up visits for the rest of their lives. These visits help keep the new kidney working well. As more people live longer with a transplant, clinics get busier. An AI helper may make visits more consistent and free up doctor time. This idea has not yet been tested well in real clinics. The main questions this study will answer are: Are AI-assisted visits as good as usual doctor visits? Trained reviewers will rate the quality of each visit. The reviewers will not know which type of visit they are rating. Are patients as satisfied with their visit? How long does the visit take, and how much time does the clinician spend on paperwork? Do the visits do a better job of checking key items, such as screening tests, vaccines, and transplant medicines? Are the visits safe for patients? Adults can take part if they have a working kidney transplant, if the transplant was at least 6 months ago, and if they can complete a routine visit on their own. Researchers will place 140 adults into two groups by chance, like flipping a coin. One group will have a visit run by a health professional who uses the AI helper. The other group will have a usual visit with a doctor. In both groups, the AI cannot order tests, change medicines, or make a diagnosis on its own. A clinician checks and approves everything. Participants will take part in one study follow-up visit. The visit will be audio-recorded so reviewers can rate it later. After the visit, participants will fill out a short satisfaction survey on a tablet.

The goal of this observational study is to map the pathogen profile of secondary infections in liver transplant recipients, to correlate the basic immune status with the characteristics of the secondary infection pathogen profile, and to establish an early warning system for monitoring secondary infections, so as to explore safe and effective therapeutic modalities to further reduce the morbidity and mortality of liver failure. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Characterize the distribution of pathogenic bacteria infecting liver transplant recipients. * Establish a monitoring and early warning system for secondary infections.