Ventral Incisional Hernia

This study compares two surgical techniques for closing the abdominal wall in adult patients who have an incisional hernia (a weakness or opening in a previous surgical incision) or who require prophylactic mesh placement during a laparotomy. In one group, the abdominal wall is closed using the standard technique, in which a polypropylene mesh is fixed independently from the fascial suture. In the other group, Integrated Mesh-Fascial Closure (IMFC) is used, a standardized execution of the technique of mesh incorporation into the fascial closure described by Jamal et al (Hernia, 2013). The choice of technique is made by the patient after receiving information about both options and providing informed consent. Participants will be followed clinically and with imaging for 18 to 24 months to evaluate the safety, technical feasibility, and reproducibility of the IMFC technique, and to determine the incidence of hernia recurrence in both groups.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of a tailored physical therapy (PT) intervention targeting Abdominal Core Health components in patients recovering from ventral hernia repair. The study focuses on patients aged 18-75 diagnosed with a ventral transverse hernia between 4 cm and 10 cm, scheduled for elective Ventral Hernia Repair (VHR). The main questions it aims to answer are: * Will tailored PT significantly improve abdominal core strength, biomechanical stability, and functional mobility compared to usual care at 3-months post-surgery? * Will tailored PT lead to higher patient-reported quality of life and satisfaction scores, with a lower incidence of post-operative complications such as bowel obstruction and pelvic floor dysfunction over a 1-year follow-up? * Will tailored PT result in decreased healthcare utilization, leading to overall cost savings or neutrality compared to usual care over the first year after VHR? Researchers will compare the tailored physical therapy group to a usual care group to see if the tailored intervention leads to significant improvements in clinical efficacy, patient outcomes, and cost-effectiveness. Participants will: * Be randomly assigned to either the Usual Care Group or the PT Group. * If in the Usual Care Group, receive standard post-operative instructions for 12 weeks, including guidance on binder use, safe lifting, and gradual return to activities. * If in the PT Group, receive foundational post-operative instructions for the first 2 weeks (similar to usual care). Undergo 6 structured and individualized PT sessions over 10 weeks if in the PT Group, with progression based on Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory-20 (PFDI-20) scores, including Symptom Modulation, Movement Control, Functional Optimization, or Impairment-Based interventions. Participants undergo data collection at 2 weeks, 12 weeks, and 1 year post-operation, including imaging, functional mobility tests, pain scales, patient-reported outcomes, physical measurements, and tracking of complications and healthcare utilization. Participate in semi-structured interviews after the 12-week assessment to provide qualitative insights into their experiences and perceived barriers/facilitators.

This multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial of only mesh fixation with a glue applicator is a trial to evaluate the outcomes between atraumatic laparoscopic mesh fixation with GLUTACK-Glubran2® and conventional traumatic fixation, so the primary endpoint of the study is to analyze the recurrence on ventral or incisional hernia repair 2 years postoperatively assessed by a clinical and/or imaging technique.