Clinical trials

1. To determine the most suitable exercise protocol for upper extremity aerobic exercise training, a widely used type of aerobic exercise to improve reduced upper extremity functional capacity in individuals with CIED and HF. 2. To investigate whether high-intensity intermittent upper extremity aerobic exercise training provides a more effective improvement in upper extremity functional capacity compared to moderate-intensity continuous upper extremity aerobic exercise training. 3. To determine the effectiveness of different types of upper extremity aerobic exercise training compared to lower extremity aerobic training alone in individuals with CIED and HF.

The aim of this observational study is to determine the effect of seasonal changes on physical activity levels in heart failure patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices. Patients with heart failure who have a cardiac implantable electronic device will be evaluated throughout the year.