Clinical trials

Foam rolling (FR) is a self-myofascial release technique that involves using body weight to apply pressure to soft tissues through a foam roller. This technique has been widely used in rehabilitation and physical training settings, aiming at the treatment of myofascial dysfunctions, enhancement of physical performance, and recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). EIMD occurs following the performance of intense exercise, resulting in increased muscle stiffness and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), as well as reductions in force production and range of motion (ROM). However, few studies have investigated the effects of FR on the recovery of musculotendinous and functional properties. Although there is evidence suggesting a reduction in muscle stiffness, this finding does not appear to be consistent across the literature. Furthermore, no studies have been identified that evaluated the effects of FR on the recovery of fascial and tendinous tissues. Regarding functional properties, although FR application may promote improved recovery of DOMS, ROM, vertical jump performance, and muscle strength, contradictory findings have been reported. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of FR on the recovery of musculotendinous and functional properties of plantar flexors in healthy individuals. A total of 69 healthy male participants, aged between 18 and 40 years, will be included in the study. Participants will undergo an EIMD protocol using an isokinetic dynamometer and will be randomly assigned to either the FR (self-myofascial release with FR: 3 sets of 30 s) or a control group (CON; rest for 90 s). The mechanical properties of the myofascial tissues of the triceps surae and the Achilles tendon (AT) will be assessed using shear wave elastography, while echo intensity (EI) of the triceps surae will be obtained through grayscale analysis of ultrasound (US) images. DOMS will be assessed using a visual analog scale. Maximum dorsiflexion ROM, peak torque production (isometric and isokinetic), and rate of torque development of the plantar flexors will be evaluated using the isokinetic dynamometer. Drop jump performance will be assessed using a force platform. Ultrasound imaging will also be used to determine cross-sectional area, resting length, and deformation of the AT during maximal voluntary isometric contractions. Based on these data, force-deformation and stress-strain relationships of the AT will be determined. Assessments will be conducted before (Pre-1 and Pre-EIMD), immediately after the EIMD protocol (Post-EIMD), and at 24 h (Post-24h), 48 h (Post-48h), and 72 h (Post-72h) following the interventions (FR or CON). Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and standard error) will be used to present the results. Reliability of US measurements, as well as data normality and sphericity, will be assessed. A two-way ANOVA (group × time) will be used for comparisons, followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests to identify differences. Additionally, effect sizes will be calculated for each intervention, and correlation analyses will be performed to examine the influence of adipose tissue thickness on the evaluated parameters.

This randomized clinical trial investigates the effects of a home-based multicomponent exercise program (Vivifrail) on physical function, muscle morphology, and cognition in community-dwelling adults aged 90 years and older. Participants are randomized into three groups: Vivifrail at least twice a week, Vivifrail at least three times a week, or a control group. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. The primary outcome is physical function measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is widely used to improve muscle strength and mitigate atrophy. However, its clinical efficacy is often limited by early neuromuscular fatigue, muscle damage, and discomfort, which reduce patient tolerance and contraction time. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as a potential therapy to enhance muscle performance and accelerate recovery by minimizing fatigue and damage. Despite its potential, few studies have investigated the effects of PBM applied specifically before an NMES-evoked fatigue protocol. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial aims to evaluate the acute effects of PBM on neuromuscular fatigue, muscle damage, and functional outcomes in healthy young subjects. Participants will receive either active PBM (cluster probe: 5 lasers 810nm/200mW; 4 LEDs 660nm/10mW; Total Energy: 249.6 J per limb) or sham treatment 5 minutes before a fatiguing NMES protocol (80 contractions at 20% MVIC, 80 Hz, 1ms pulse width) applied to the quadriceps muscle. Assessments will be performed at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at 24h, 48h, and 72h post-intervention. Primary outcomes include maximum and evoked isometric strength, mechanical work, and electrical muscle activity. Secondary outcomes include muscle damage (ultrasound echo-intensity), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), functional performance (unilateral vertical jump), and clinical discomfort. The study seeks to determine if PBM can effectively modulate NMES-induced fatigue and muscle damage, potentially optimizing its clinical application.

This study aims to understand how a home-based exercise program can help improve strength, mobility, and quality of life in older adults receiving cancer treatment. Participants will be randomly divided into two groups: One group will follow a one-year multicomponent exercise program based on the ViviFrail model, done safely at home. The other group will continue with usual care. We will include men and women aged 60 or older treated at Hospital Conceição in Porto Alegre. Assessments will take place at the beginning and after 12, 24, and 48 weeks. We will measure walking speed, balance, muscle strength, and ask about quality of life, symptoms, and daily activity. The goal is to see whether home-based exercise can help older adults with cancer stay stronger, more independent, and feel better during treatment.

This randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM) alone or combined with therapeutic exercises compared with placebo PBM associated with exercises in patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Participants will be allocated into three groups: PBM alone, PBM combined with exercises, or placebo PBM combined with exercises. The intervention consists of 12 treatment sessions. Outcomes related to pain intensity, mandibular function, and clinical measures will be assessed over time. The study seeks to investigate whether PBM provides additional benefits in pain reduction and functional improvement in individuals with myofascial TMD.

Among the injuries that affect the Achilles tendon, rupture is one of the most frequent. This injury can generate functional, neuromuscular, and tendon deficits that can last for long periods or even be permanent. In the long term (i.e., more than a year after the injury), individuals present functional impairments related to the lower limb, deficits in the capacity to produce muscle force, as well as higher levels of muscle activation (as a compensatory response). Such changes may be due to injury adaptations in the plantar flexor muscles' architecture, which may have shorter, more pennate fibers, leading to reduced muscle thickness. Furthermore, the Achilles tendon may be elongated, with a greater cross-sectional area, presenting lower stiffness and quality (i.e., lower Young's modulus). Strength training can play an important role in recovering from Achilles tendon ruptures, as it promotes functional, neuromuscular, and tendon adaptations that can minimize deficits caused by the injury. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding strength training, as well as the dose vs response relationship, regarding functional, neuromuscular, and tendon adaptations after Achilles tendon rupture. Thus, the aim of the present study is to compare the effects of a strength training program of different intensities on plantar flexors' functional, neuromuscular, and tendon outcomes after Achilles tendon rupture. Men aged between 20 and 50 years old who suffered a total unilateral rupture of the Achilles tendon between one and five years after the rupture will be included in the study, as well as healthy men who did not suffer the rupture (control group). Participants who have suffered an Achilles tendon rupture will undergo a progressive lower limb strength training program twice a week for a total duration of 12 weeks, which will be randomized between two groups: low intensity (G55 - 55% of 1-RM) and moderate intensity (G70 - 70% of 1-RM). The following outcomes will be evaluated: a) Achilles tendon's morphological (length and cross-sectional area), mechanical (force-elongation relationship and stiffness) and material (stress-strain relationship and Young's modulus) properties; b) triceps surae muscles' morphological (architecture \[fascicle length, pennation angle and thickness\] and quality \[measured by echointensity and specific tension\]) properties; c) ankle functionality (maximum height in the heel raise test); d) the plantar flexors' force production capacity (peak and rate of torque development in different joint positions); e) the plantar flexors' muscle voluntary activation; and f) triceps suraes' neuromuscular capacity (i.e., recruitment curves). Assessments will be performed at two times (pre-training; and after 12 weeks of training \[post-12\]) through functional tests, ultrasound techniques, isokinetic dynamometry, electromyography, and percutaneous electrical stimulation. An intraclass correlation coefficient will be used to verify the test-retest reproducibility of ultrasound measurements. The Chi-Square test will be used to compare the level of physical activity (pre-training) between the groups. The results of the intervention will be expressed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and standard error). The normality and sphericity of the data will be tested using the Shapiro-Wilk and Mauchly tests, respectively. A generalized estimating equation, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc, will be used to compare the effects of groups (G55 and G70) and times (pre-training, Post-6, and Post-12). A one-way ANOVA, followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc, will be used to compare the control group participants' limbs with the healthy and injured limbs from both intervention groups (G55 and G70) in the Pre and Post-12 times. The effect size will be estimated for each outcome. All statistical analyzes will be performed using SPSS software.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether perineal massage during labor can help prevent perineal trauma, such as lacerations or episiotomies. The study will test two hypotheses: Null hypothesis: Perineal massage during labor does not prevent perineal trauma. Alternative hypothesis: Perineal massage during labor helps prevent perineal trauma. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: Perineal massage group: Participants will receive perineal massage during labor. Control group: Participants will receive the standard care provided by the labor and delivery unit. A randomization process will be used to assign participants to each group.

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of a 12-week Amazonian dance program on cognitive and motor symptoms in people with Parkinson's disease (PD), comparing outcomes between participants in the intervention and those in an alternative control intervention.

To evaluate and compare the effects of different types of physical exercise on clinical and functional outcomes in the elderly. 240 community-dwelling elderly individuals of both sexes, sedentary, will be recruited for twelve groups of elderly individuals who will receive intervention for 32 weeks of different types of physical exercise (free walking, Nordic walking, dancing, physical exercise for cognition, balance, aquatic physiotherapy, multicomponent gymnastics, water aerobics, hydro-postural exercises, aquatic jogging, weight training, and Pilates mat). The training programs will have a frequency of two sessions per week and will last 50 minutes and will be periodized so that the duration of the sessions is equal among them. In order to evaluate the effects of the training, evaluations will be carried out before, during and after the training period of functional fitness, clinical-functional and biomechanical parameters. It is expected that the intervention groups will present results according to the nature of the modality and that they will be more effective when compared to the control group. As well as improvements in the variables of gait speed, muscle strength, balance and cognition.

This study will compare patient-reported outcomes, as well as the type and incidence of complications, and bone marginal loss after 12 months in implants installed using the transcrestal approach (tSFE) with an osseodensification system (performed according to the protocol by Huwais et al. 2018), or installed simultaneously using the lateral window technique (lSFE) with sinus lift. A blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial will be carried out with individuals over 18 years old, and with single tooth loss in the posterior maxilla, where the residual bone height (RBH) is 3 to 5 mm. The tSFE will be performed with osseodensification burs (Densa Bur, Versah, USA) using a counterclockwise motion, associated to synthetic biomaterial (hydroxyapatite and beta-tricalcium phosphate). The lSFE technique will require the sinus to be filled with the same biomaterial as the group using the other technique, and the antrostomy to be covered with a polydioxanone-based membrane. The patient's post-operatory perceptions will be evaluated by self-administered questionnaires quantifying social and professional isolation, physical appearance, duration and changes in quality of life, eating and speech, diet variations, and sleep deficiency for 2 weeks after the procedure. Pain will be assessed with the visual analogue scale (VAS). Immediately after prosthetic rehabilitation, cone beam tomography will be performed. Controls at 6 and 12 months will be performed. In these images, the marginal bone level in relation to a fixed reference point on the implants (upper part of the platform) will be measured mesially and distally in each implant, using a specific program (ImageJ - version 1.49v / NIH software - Bethesda, MD, USA). Generalized estimating equations will be used to compare the two treatments overtime. The significance level used will be 0.05.