Clinical trials

This single-center, single-blind, prospective randomized controlled trial aims to investigate the effects of a video-assisted core stabilization exercise program (Fun-Core) on motor competence, balance, and gait in children with DCD. Children who meet the eligibility criteria will be randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group will participate in a video-assisted, story-based, child-friendly Fun-Core exercise program delivered through a web-based platform, whereas the control group will receive the same core stabilization exercises as a home-based program provided in an illustrated brochure format. In both groups, the intervention will last 8 weeks, with exercises performed 3 days per week for approximately 30 minutes per session. The exercise program will consist of two progressive levels, with Level 1 performed during weeks 1-4 and Level 2 during weeks 5-8. Progression to Level 2 will depend on correct and pain-free performance of the exercises, completion of at least 75% of the planned sessions, and absence of exercise-related adverse events. The primary outcome will be motor competence, assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Third Edition (MABC-3). The MABC-3 evaluates motor performance across three domains: Manual Dexterity, Aiming and Catching, and Balance. Raw performance scores are converted into age-adjusted standard scores and percentile ranks, with higher scores indicating better motor performance. Secondary outcomes will include balance, functional mobility, participation, health-related quality of life, and static and dynamic pedobarographic parameters. Balance will be evaluated using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), a 14-item scale scored from 0 to 56, with higher scores representing better balance performance. Functional mobility will be evaluated using the Modified Timed Up and Go Test (M-TUG) by recording the time required to stand from a chair, complete the specified mobility task, return, and sit down; shorter completion times indicate better functional mobility. Participation and environmental factors will be evaluated using the Participation and Environment Measure for Children and Youth (PEM-CY), a parent-reported measure assessing participation across home, school, and community settings. Health-related quality of life will be assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0), including physical, emotional, social, and school functioning domains, using child self-report and parent proxy-report forms. Scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life. Gait and plantar loading characteristics will additionally be evaluated using static and dynamic pedobarographic assessment with a pressure platform integrated with FreeStep 2.0 software. Static assessment will include plantar pressure distribution, right-to-left load distribution, forefoot-to-rearfoot load distribution, and center of pressure (CoP) parameters. Dynamic assessment during walking at a self-selected natural speed will include plantar pressure distribution, maximum plantar pressure, load transfer patterns, and gait-line parameters. All outcome assessments will be performed by an investigator blinded to group allocation at baseline (Week 0), immediately after the 8-week intervention (Week 8). During the intervention period, participants will be contacted weekly to monitor exercise adherence, general health status, and possible adverse events. Eligible participants will be children aged 5-14 years who meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for DCD and have an MABC-3 Total Standard Score corresponding to the 16th percentile or below. Exclusion criteria will include treatment for motor problems within the previous 6 months; a neurological disorder that primarily explains the motor difficulties; intellectual disability that substantially interferes with participation in assessments or exercises; moderate-to-severe autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or behavioral problems that interfere with participation; orthopedic deformities preventing exercise; previous lumbar or lower-extremity surgery; moderate-to-severe visual or hearing impairment; and epilepsy or another uncontrolled neurological condition.

This study will evaluate whether the timing of intravenous ondansetron administration affects cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic stability in older adults undergoing endoscopic urologic surgery under spinal anesthesia. Participants aged 65 years or older will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: ondansetron administered before spinal anesthesia, ondansetron administered after spinal anesthesia, or placebo. Ondansetron will be administered intravenously at a dose of 8 mg. Cerebral oxygenation will be assessed using bilateral frontal near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO₂) will be recorded before spinal anesthesia and at 5-minute intervals during the first 60 minutes after spinal anesthesia. The study will also evaluate blood pressure, heart rate, vasopressor requirements, bradycardia, postoperative nausea and vomiting, post-spinal headache, and postoperative delirium. The aim is to determine whether the timing of ondansetron administration influences cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamic stability after spinal anesthesia.

This randomized controlled study will examine whether two different forms of structured health information-seeking education can help women in perimenopause or postmenopause use online health information more effectively. It will assess whether video-based education and Pecha Kucha-based education reduce cyberchondria, which refers to repeated online health searches that may increase health-related worry, and improve e-health literacy and knowledge about menopause. The study will include 60 women aged 40 to 65 years. Participants will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to a video-based education group, a Pecha Kucha-based education group, or a control group, with 20 participants in each group. The education will cover how to identify reliable online health sources, evaluate health information, recognize misleading content, use effective search methods, and avoid online searching behaviors that may increase anxiety. The control group will not receive structured education during the study period. Outcomes will be assessed before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and one month later. The findings will help determine which educational method is more effective in supporting safe and informed online health information-seeking among women during the menopausal transition.

This study aims to compare the gastric volumes of pediatric patients undergoing positive-pressure ventilation with different airway management techniques. Gastric ultrasound is a non-invasive bedside tool with high sensitivity and specificity for determining the nature and amount of gastric content. In pediatric cases, maintaining a gastric volume below 1.25 mL/kg is associated with a lower risk of perioperative aspiration. Although supraglottic airway devices (SADs) are commonly used as alternatives to endotracheal tubes, concerns regarding the potential for gastric insufflation and subsequent aspiration persist. Second-generation SADs were specifically designed with gastric drainage channels to mitigate the risk of regurgitation compared to first-generation devices. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in gastric volumes, as measured by ultrasound, among three groups of pediatric patients: those managed with endotracheal tubes, first-generation SADs, and second-generation SADs. By comparing these measurements post-ventilation, the investigators aim to evaluate the impact of the airway device choice on gastric volume under clinical conditions.

Post-hospitalization behavioral changes are common in children after surgery and general anesthesia and may persist for varying durations depending on individual and perioperative factors. The Post-Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) is a well-validated instrument widely used to evaluate negative postoperative behavioral changes in pediatric patients following hospitalization or surgical procedures. Although early postoperative behavioral disturbances have been extensively studied, most research has focused on short-term outcomes within the first weeks after surgery, while long-term behavioral outcomes remain insufficiently investigated. Processed electroencephalography (pEEG) monitoring provides an objective method for assessing anesthetic depth during surgery. Parameters such as the Patient State Index (PSI) and Spectral Edge Frequency 95 (SEF95) allow dynamic evaluation of cortical activity and may help optimize anesthetic administration by preventing excessively deep or inadequate anesthesia. Improved anesthetic depth management may theoretically influence postoperative recovery and behavioral outcomes. In the initial randomized study, early postoperative behavioral assessments were obtained within the first postoperative month using the Post-Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ). In the present follow-up study, children will be contacted again 12-24 months after surgery to evaluate long-term behavioral outcomes. PHBQ scores at long-term follow-up will be compared between children who previously received EEG-guided anesthesia and those managed with standard anesthesia without processed EEG monitoring. By examining both early and long-term behavioral outcomes, this study aims to determine whether intraoperative EEG-guided anesthesia management influences postoperative behavioral changes in the pediatric population.

This randomized, assessor-blinded clinical trial evaluates whether a structured self-management education and home exercise program improves balance, walking capacity, fall-related concerns, upper-extremity dexterity, and quality of life in adults with Parkinson disease. Fifty-five participants aged 45-80 years will be randomized to an intervention or control arm. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after the 8-week intervention, and at Week 16. The primary outcome is the Berg Balance Scale.

The PRELUDE Study: A Prospective Cohort Study Comparing Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy Followed by Total Mesorectal Excision Versus Upfront Surgery in Patients with Locally Advanced Proximal Rectal Cancer The PRELUDE Study is a single-center, prospective cohort study designed to compare neoadjuvant radiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) with upfront surgery alone in patients with locally advanced proximal rectal cancer. The primary endpoint is the rate of local recurrence. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, disease-free survival, and functional outcomes related to bowel, urinary, and sexual function. The aim of this study is to determine whether neoadjuvant radiotherapy reduces the risk of local recurrence and improves long-term oncological and functional outcomes in this anatomically distinct subgroup of patients with rectal cancer.

This project aims to evaluate the impact of anterior veneer treatment on oral health-related quality of life in children with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI). AI is an inherited disorder that causes structural defects in enamel due to genetic abnormalities, leading to aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial challenges. Enamel defects, particularly in the anterior teeth, negatively affect patients' self-confidence and social interactions. In this study, the short-term aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial effects of veneer restorations applied to children with AI will be assessed. This research is designed as a single-center, prospective clinical study. The study population will include pediatric patients aged 11-14 years who have been clinically and radiographically diagnosed with AI at our faculty clinic. Participants' oral health-related quality of life will be evaluated before treatment and one month after treatment using the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14). Psychosocial improvement will be measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ), while aesthetic satisfaction will be assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In addition, to objectively evaluate the participants' oral hygiene and dental health, the plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing index, and DMFT index will be recorded. The data obtained are expected to demonstrate the positive impact of veneer treatment on the quality of life of children with AI, emphasizing the importance of early aesthetic rehabilitation in pediatric patients. In this respect, the study aims to provide a novel clinical and psychosocial contribution to the existing literature on the management of AI in pediatric dentistry.

In this study, the effect of intra-articular HA injection therapy on pre- and post-treatment TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels and methylation changes in blood and synovial fluid in patients with knee osteoarthritis will be determined and compared with the placebo group. In addition, the effects of HA injection on pain, functional status and quality of life will be evaluated and these effects will be related to changes in TNF-alpha and IL-1-beta.

This study aims to investigate the relationships among pulmonary function, aerobic performance, anaerobic performance, and isokinetic trunk muscle performance in professional male wrestlers. Wrestling requires a combination of high muscular strength, repeated high-intensity efforts, aerobic capacity, anaerobic performance, and effective trunk muscle function. However, the relationships among these physiological and muscular performance characteristics have not been fully established in professional wrestlers. This single-center, analytical, cross-sectional observational study will include approximately 28 professional male wrestlers aged 18-35 years who have been actively participating in licensed wrestling for at least 5 years and who meet the predefined eligibility criteria. Participants will undergo anthropometric assessment, pulmonary function testing by spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise testing with respiratory gas analysis, Wingate anaerobic testing, and isokinetic assessment of trunk muscle performance. Pulmonary function parameters will be obtained from spirometry. Aerobic capacity will be evaluated using maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) obtained during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Anaerobic performance will be assessed using the Wingate test, while trunk flexor and extensor muscle performance will be evaluated using isokinetic dynamometry. The study will primarily examine the relationship between pulmonary function parameters and isokinetic trunk muscle performance. Secondary analyses will evaluate the relationships of pulmonary function and trunk muscle performance with VO₂max and Wingate-derived anaerobic performance parameters.

Background and Problem Overview Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) is a progressive musculoskeletal disorder characterized by a three-dimensional deformation of the spine occurring during adolescence. Diagnosis is typically established with a Cobb angle exceeding 10° and the presence of axial rotation. While the exact etiology remains unknown, leading theories include tissue abnormalities (muscle fibers, bone volume), impaired spinal biomechanics (asymmetric bone growth), and neurological factors (asymmetric cortical thickness, cerebral lateralization, and body schema distortions). The progressive nature of AIS, particularly the high risk of advancement at the onset of puberty, complicates clinical decision-making. Treatment is traditionally divided into three stages: Observation and Exercise: For Cobb angles between 10°-25°. Exercise and Bracing: For Cobb angles between 25°-45°. Surgery: For Cobb angles exceeding 45°. Despite these guidelines, the unpredictable progression of the disease and difficulties in treatment adherence create significant dilemmas. Specifically, for cases on the borderline of surgical indication, clinicians face the challenge of choosing between immediate surgery or conservative monitoring. Currently, there is no definitive method to predict progression, and patients are typically monitored in 6-month intervals. During these intervals, a patient's condition may remain stable or deteriorate significantly. Furthermore, guidelines recommend wearing a brace for an average of 18 hours per day, often for several years. This requirement is physically and psychologically demanding for adolescents, leading to poor compliance due to aesthetic concerns, functional limitations, and skin irritation. The inability to predict progression often leads to overtreatment (unnecessary bracing) or undertreatment (delayed intervention), both of which pose risks to the patient's long-term health. Radiological Concerns Disease progression is monitored via direct radiography (X-rays). However, frequent imaging increases the lifetime risk of cancer due to cumulative ionizing radiation. Notably, the risk of breast cancer in girls with AIS is reported to be approximately seven times higher than in the healthy population. Conversely, extending follow-up intervals risks missing windows for early intervention. An artificial intelligence (AI) model capable of predicting curve progression could optimize imaging frequency, ensuring safety while maintaining clinical efficacy. Objective and Methodology of the Study The primary aim of this research is to develop a machine learning-based model to predict the Cobb angle following a 12-week exercise intervention. The model will utilize comprehensive baseline and post-treatment data, including: Demographic and Anthropometric Data (Age, height, weight, gender). Clinical Assessments (Cobb angle, Risser score, angle of trunk rotation). Functional and Physical Metrics (Trunk muscle strength, Maximal Inspiratory and Expiratory Pressure \[MIP/MEP\], Biodex balance measurements). Visual Assessments (Walter Reed Visual Deformity Scale \[WRVAS\]). Research Hypotheses Primary Hypothesis: A machine learning model trained on pre- and post-exercise assessment data can significantly predict the Cobb angle at the end of a 12-week period with both statistical and clinical accuracy. Secondary Hypothesis: By predicting the risk of progression (the probability of an increase in Cobb angle), this model will contribute to reducing unnecessary surgical interventions, overtreatment (bracing/surgery), and cumulative X-ray exposure.

This randomized prospective study aims to compare the effects of two target-controlled infusion models, the Schnider and Eleveld models, on anesthetic depth and hemodynamic responses during anesthesia induction in adult patients undergoing spinal surgery. Patients scheduled for spinal surgery will be randomized into either the Schnider or Eleveld group. Before induction, standard monitoring will be applied, including electrocardiography, peripheral oxygen saturation, invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring, heart rate monitoring, and bispectral index monitoring. Anesthesia induction will be performed with fentanyl 2 mcg/kg, rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg, and propofol administered by target-controlled infusion with an effect-site target concentration of 3 mcg/mL according to the allocated pharmacokinetic model. Hemodynamic parameters and bispectral index values will be recorded before induction and at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 10th minutes after induction. Additional parameters, including time to BIS below 40, time to delta activity, burst suppression duration, total propofol dose during the first 5 minutes, need for additional propofol, hemodynamic response to intubation, vasopressor requirement within the first 10 minutes, and use of esmolol, will also be documented. The primary aim is to evaluate whether the Schnider and Eleveld models differ in terms of induction-related hemodynamic stability and anesthetic depth during the early induction period.

This prospective observational study aims to identify and characterize immunoregulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with regulatory T cells (Tregs) in human breast milk and to evaluate their temporal expression patterns. Breast milk samples will be collected longitudinally, including colostrum, transitional milk (days 10-15), and mature milk at 1, 4, 6, and/or 9 months postpartum. The study will investigate miRNAs that may influence the development and function of Treg cells and assess changes in their expression over time. In addition, a single blood sample will be obtained from infants during routine clinical visits (6-9 months postpartum) to analyze Treg-related miRNAs and target genes and to evaluate their relationship with breast milk components. The study also aims to explore the association between breast milk miRNAs, Treg-related immune mechanisms, and the development of infant food tolerance.

This prospective observational study will follow adults who are scheduled for a clinically indicated biopsy because of a suspected solid tumor involving bone or soft tissue. The period before biopsy, the disclosure of pathology results, and the start of treatment may be associated with changing levels of psychological stress and anxiety. The purpose of the study is to compare psychological stress and anxiety in the same participants at three points in their care: before biopsy, after the pathology result or diagnosis is explained, and at treatment initiation. The investigators hypothesize that psychological questionnaire scores will differ across these three time points and may be associated with age, sex, disease stage, metastasis status, and treatment type. Participants will complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, and Distress Thermometer. The study team will also collect relevant demographic and routine clinical information from medical records. The study will not assign any biopsy, diagnostic procedure, or treatment. All diagnostic and treatment decisions will be made by the treating clinical team as part of routine care.

This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial designed to evaluate the effects of whole body vibration (WBV) added to conventional rehabilitation on functional and sensorimotor recovery in patients with conservatively treated distal radius fractures. Following immobilization, patients often experience pain, reduced range of motion, decreased muscle strength, and impaired proprioception, which negatively affect functional recovery. WBV is thought to enhance neuromuscular activation and improve proprioceptive input, thereby contributing to functional performance. Participants will be randomly assigned into two groups; the experimental group will receive WBV in addition to conventional rehabilitation three times per week for eight weeks, while the control group will receive only conventional rehabilitation. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, week 4, and week 8. The primary outcome measure is the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), while secondary outcomes include QuickDASH, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), joint position sense, grip strength, range of motion, and fine motor skills.

Aim of the Study This study aims to evaluate the effect of an animated video and educational booklet developed to inform Palestinian women aged 40-69 about breast cancer and screening programs on their level of knowledge about breast cancer and screening methods. The breast cancer screening program in Palestine includes monthly self-examination, clinical breast examination, and mammography. This study will be conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the animated video and educational booklet will be developed, and in the second phase, the level of knowledge and participation in screening programs will be evaluated after the educational intervention. Type of research: This is a randomized controlled experimental study. The study will be conducted with two intervention groups. Women who receive education through the animated video will form Intervention Group I, while women who receive education through the educational booklet will form Intervention Group II. The study will evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in increasing the knowledge of women who received education through an animated video and an educational booklet about breast cancer, performing self-breast examinations, undergoing clinical breast examinations, and participating in breast cancer screening programs that include mammograms. This study will be conducted on Palestinian women and will target women with different levels of education. This study is based on a randomized controlled trial design and will compare the pre-, interim, and post-test results for women in both groups (animation video group and educational booklet group) in terms of breast cancer, breast cancer screening program information, and behavior change. It will be evaluated whether animation videos or educational booklets are more effective in increasing knowledge and behavior. Location and Timing of the Study: The study will be conducted in the West Bank of Palestine between September 2025 and December 2026. Research Population and Sample: The research population will consist of women aged 40-69 living in the West Bank of Palestine. Since this study was designed as a randomized controlled trial, a power analysis was conducted to determine the number of participants to be included in each group. In this context, the G\*Power (3.1.19.7) program was used to calculate the sample size. Using Cohen's standard effect sizes, the power analysis determined that a total of 128 participants (64 in each group) were needed to achieve 80% power at an effect size of 0.5, a 0.05 error rate, and a 0.95 confidence interval. Participants were volunteers who could read and write Arabic, were between 40 and 69 years of age, did not have breast cancer, and did not have a history of benign breast diseases such as breast cysts, fibroadenoma, or hyperplasia, no family history of breast cancer, no history of self-breast examination, no participation in breast cancer screening programs, and who own a smartphone or laptop computer. Women who meet the inclusion criteria will be divided into two groups: Intervention Group I, which will be trained using an animated video, and Intervention Group II, which will be trained using an educational booklet, using a simple random allocation method. To enhance the reliability of the study and ensure an equal distribution of the sample between the two groups, a program that generates random numbers will be used, and the sample will be randomly selected via the www.randomizer.org website. Women will be divided into two groups (in a 1:1 ratio). Women diagnosed with breast cancer during the study, women working in the healthcare sector (doctors, midwives, or nurses), pregnant and breastfeeding women, and women who do not watch the animated video or read the educational booklet within one week of receiving the educational materials will be excluded. Research Context Palestinians have been living under constant Israeli occupation and attacks since 1948, and the situation has worsened since the war began on October 7, 2023. The recent war has led to further restrictions and deliberate obstruction of access to health centers and hospitals by Israeli occupiers (Ali et al., 2025). Therefore, the universe will consist of women who come to the Murabitat Charity Association in the Palestinian Governorate of Qalqilya. The sample will be selected from women who meet the inclusion criteria. To facilitate the research and better reach women, an animated video will be published on the YouTube platform (as a private video), meaning only those with the link will be able to watch it, and it will not appear in search results. The educational booklet will be sent via a WhatsApp group in PDF format and will be password-protected, so only those with the password will be able to view it. Data collection tools will be managed online via WhatsApp or Zoom, ensuring accessibility and security under local political and logistical constraints.

The goal of this observational study is to learn how four acetabular osteotomy techniques change the shape of the hip socket in children and adolescents with developmental dysplasia of the hip or residual acetabular dysplasia. The main questions it aims to answer are: How do virtual Salter, Dega, San Diego, and Pemberton osteotomies differ in acetabular volume and surface shape on participant-specific three-dimensional models? How closely does the virtual result of the osteotomy actually performed match the early postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)? Participants will have a three-dimensional pelvis-acetabulum model created from preoperative MRI. Researchers will perform virtual Salter, Dega, San Diego, and Pemberton osteotomies on that model and measure the resulting acetabular morphology. The virtual result of the osteotomy actually performed will then be compared with the participant's early postoperative MRI.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn whether adjunctive electrolytic surface decontamination can improve the outcomes of surgical treatment of peri-implantitis. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does electrolytic surface decontamination reduce probing pocket depth more effectively than conventional surgical treatment alone? * Does electrolytic surface decontamination improve bleeding on probing, suppuration, and radiographic bone levels? Researchers will compare conventional surgical treatment plus electrolytic surface decontamination with conventional surgical treatment alone. Participants will: * Receive surgical treatment for peri-implantitis * Be randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups * Attend follow-up visits for clinical and radiographic examinations * Undergo assessment of probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, suppuration, and bone level changes during follow-up

This randomized controlled clinical trial aims to evaluate the effects of an 8-week tele-yoga intervention in individuals with lung cancer who have undergone lung resection surgery. The intervention group will receive supervised yoga sessions via online synchronous video conferencing, while the control group will continue with standard post-operative care. The primary outcome is exercise capacity (6-minute walk test), with secondary outcomes including pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, physical activity level, dyspnea, fatigue, sleep quality, anxiety and depression, and quality of life. It is hypothesized that tele-yoga will improve physical and psychological recovery post-surgery and may serve as a feasible home-based pulmonary rehabilitation alternative.

This study aims to evaluate the effects of fully immersive virtual reality (VR) applications on upper extremity (UE) functions in individuals diagnosed with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a progressive neuromuscular disorder that leads to muscle weakness and loss of function, including the upper limbs, which are essential for daily activities and independence. In this randomized controlled trial, 36 participants with DMD will be divided into two groups: a control group receiving conventional physiotherapy and an intervention group receiving the same physiotherapy program (excluding upper extremity exercises) combined with VR-based exercises. The VR games will be designed specifically to improve shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand functions and will be delivered using Meta Quest 3 headsets with hand-tracking capabilities. Both groups will receive therapy twice a week for 8 weeks. Assessments will be conducted before and after the intervention, and at follow-up, using validated tools to measure UE function, grip strength, fine motor skills, trunk control, fatigue, quality of life, and participation in daily activities. The study aims to explore innovative rehabilitation strategies for DMD and contribute to improving the independence and quality of life of affected individuals.

This prospective study aims to evaluate the short-term effects of smoking on corneal tomographic and biometric measurements in healthy adults. After baseline examinations and measurements are taken in both smoking and non-smoking participants, the same measurements will be repeated after 10 minutes of external exposure, and within-group and between-group changes will be compared. The aim of the study is to determine whether acute smoking exposure leads to measurable immediate changes in corneal tomographic and biometric parameters.

The study group will be selected from patients who previously presented with various temporomandibular disorder (TMD) complaints to the "Temporomandibular Disorders Clinic" of the Department of Complete and Removable Dentures at the Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University. During routine examinations, TMD-DC (Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders) forms are completed to aid in achieving an accurate diagnosis. Subsequently, patients suspected of having TMD of masticatory muscle origin but without a definitive diagnosis are routinely referred for ultrasonographic (USG) imaging. Patients meeting these criteria will be included in the study. Participants will be divided into two groups. The first group will consist of patients who have already undergone USG imaging during their routine examination, have been definitively diagnosed with masticatory muscle disorders based on clinical and radiographic findings, and have initiated routine occlusal splint therapy in the clinic. The 12-week treatment process of these patients will not be altered in any way. At the final follow-up session after the 12-week routine treatment protocol, the TMD-DC form completed at baseline will be re-administered, and the two forms will be compared to evaluate changes in symptoms and pain levels. Another USG imaging will also be performed at this session. The second group, serving as the control group, will include patients who have previously undergone USG imaging during routine examination and have received a definitive diagnosis of masticatory muscle disorders based on clinical and radiographic evaluations, but have not yet begun treatment. Patients whose turn for treatment begins during the study period will be excluded from this group. At the end of the 12-week period, the TMD-DC form will be re-administered, and a second USG imaging will be performed. This process will not interfere with the patients' position in the treatment queue, and treatment will commence as scheduled. In the second USG session, changes in the thickness and elasticity of the masseter, temporalis, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and splenius capitis muscles will be assessed by comparing the two imaging records.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy procedures involve pneumoperitoneum and volatile anesthetics, both of which can significantly influence cardiovascular physiology and autonomic balance. While volatile anesthetics are known to affect myocardial repolarization, the specific impact of Low-Flow Anesthesia (LFA)-a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique-on these cardiac markers remains under-researched. This prospective observational study aims to compare the effects of low-flow versus normal-flow sevoflurane anesthesia on two critical non-invasive biomarkers of ventricular repolarization: the Frontal QRS-T angle and the Tp-e interval. These parameters are essential for predicting electrical instability and the risk of malignant arrhythmias. The study will evaluate a total of 128 patients to determine whether different fresh gas flow rates lead to significant changes in cardiac electrophysiological stability during the perioperative and early postoperative periods.

This prospective, randomized controlled trial aims to determine the effects of stress ball use and empathic verbal communication with therapeutic touch on anxiety and pain perception in women undergoing mammography and breast ultrasonography. The study will be conducted between May and September 2026 at Istanbul Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital. A total of 122 women meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned into three groups: stress ball group (n=41), empathic verbal communication with touch group (n=41), and control group (n=40). Women in the stress ball group will be instructed to use a soft stress ball before and during the procedure. Participants in the empathic verbal-tactile group will receive structured verbal empathy combined with therapeutic touch. The control group will receive routine care without additional intervention. Data will be collected before and after the procedures using a Descriptive Characteristics Form, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and a Numerical Rating Scale for pain assessment. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in reducing anxiety and pain during breast imaging procedures.

Achieving optimal glycemic control in type 1 diabetes requires a holistic approach that includes individualized medical nutrition therapy in addition to appropriate insulin therapy. When diabetes is poorly managed, metabolic control is impaired. Hyperglycemic events increase oxidative stress in the body and can lead to complications. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of a 12-week Mediterranean diet on oxidative stress markers in children with type 1 diabetes who do not meet the metabolic target (HbA1c \> 7%) and whose adherence to the Mediterranean diet is "poor" and "needs improvement". The study, planned between March 2026 and March 2027, will be conducted with girls aged 10-18 years with type 1 diabetes who are followed up at the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University. In the first phase, participants were divided into groups based on their HbA1c levels: those with HbA1c ≤ 7 met the metabolic target (Group A); Those with HbA1c \> 7 will be divided into two groups: those not meeting the metabolic target (Group B). In the second stage, the intervention group will be determined according to the results of the KIDMED, the pediatric Mediterranean diet adherence scale. Those in Group B who did not meet the metabolic targets and those with "poor" and "need improvement" KIDMED results will form the intervention group (Group C). Adolescents in Group C will receive a 12-week Mediterranean diet intervention. Information will be collected from participants using questionnaires, scales, and experimental methods. This includes completing the 'Personal Information Form', 'Biochemical Parameters Form', '3-Day Nutrition Questionnaire', 'KIDMED scale', and 'Sensor Data Form'. The obtained data will be analyzed both individually and before-and-after using SPSS 26. The findings are expected to show improvement in OS markers in the intervention group. Improvement in glycemic control markers is also predicted. A decrease in HbA1c levels, a reduction in blood sugar fluctuations, and an increase in the duration of staying within the target range are expected. This study is expected to contribute to the literature by revealing the effects of the Mediterranean diet on oxidative stress and metabolic control parameters in type 1 diabetes. It is anticipated that the findings will support the potential role of dietary approaches with antioxidant properties not only in glycemic control but also in oxidative stress levels and long-term complication risks.