Clinical trials

The goal of this single-arm, open-label, prospective clinical trial is to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary antitumor activity of intratumoral oncolytic virus (H101, recombinant human type 5 adenovirus) combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and to explore the dynamic remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment and potential predictive biomarkers, in patients with advanced metastatic colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, or hepatocellular carcinoma who have failed multiple prior lines of therapy. The main questions it aims to answer are: What are the incidence of treatment-related adverse events and serious adverse events, and the completion rate of the combination therapy (safety and feasibility)? What is the objective response rate and local control rate per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) (preliminary antitumor activity)? How does the combination therapy reshape the tumor immune microenvironment in terms of immune cell infiltration, subset proportions, functional status, and signaling pathways, and which differentially expressed genes or immune cell subtypes are associated with clinical response? This is a single-arm study; there is no comparator group. Participants will: Receive intratumoral H101 injection once per cycle (dose stratified by lesion size), followed 5-7 days later by intravenous ICI \[Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Antibody (anti-PD-1) with or without Anti-Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated Protein 4 Antibody (anti-CTLA-4)\], repeated every 2-3 weeks for a total of 4 cycles. Provide paired tumor biopsy samples and peripheral blood specimens at baseline and after 4 cycles for single-cell RNA sequencing and biomarker analyses. Undergo routine clinical assessments, imaging for tumor response evaluation, and safety monitoring with adverse event grading per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 5.0 (CTCAE v5.0).

This prospective, single-center, open-label, real-world observational study plans to enroll 10-15 patients with advanced (Stage IV) breast cancer who have failed multiple prior therapies \[aged 18-75, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status Clinical Classification（ECOG） 0-2, with measurable and injectable lesions\]. It aims to preliminarily evaluate the antitumor activity, safety, and immune-microenvironment modulation of intratumoral H101（Recombinant Human Adenovirus Type 5 Injection） oncolytic virus combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in real-world practice. The regimen is determined by physicians based on clinical status and multidisciplinary input, but follows a standardized framework: 2- to 3-week cycles; H101 injected on day 1 (dose stratified by lesion size), with ICI infusion started 7±2 days later, for 4 planned cycles. Paired tumor biopsies (when feasible) and peripheral blood are collected at baseline and after 4 cycles for single-cell RNA sequencing and immune profiling, focusing on changes in T lymphocyte (T), Natural Killer cell (NK), dendritic, and macrophage subsets and correlating with clinical outcomes. Primary endpoints include adverse events (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Version 5.0（CTCAE v5.0）), objective response and local control rates (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1（RECIST 1.1）), 4-cycle completion, and toxicity-related discontinuation. Secondary endpoints include disease control rate, progression-free survival (Kaplan-Meier), and dynamic immune changes. First radiological assessment occurs at 6-8 weeks post-treatment, then every 3 months until progression, loss to follow-up, or 1 year. If re-biopsy is unsafe, only peripheral blood may be collected without protocol violation. Comprehensive follow-up, data confidentiality, and missing-data handling are in place to ensure scientific validity and participant protection.