Clinical trials

After teeth extraction and over years of removable denture wearing, atrophy of residual alveolar ridges progresses. The lower complete denture is the most problem issue in oral cavity due to bone loss and presence of the tongue, which is the most movable part in the oral cavity, this condition resulting in a lack of retention, stability, and support of the dentures, which directly affect the patient's confidence, function, comfort and bring a major challenge for prosthodontics

The most frequent crystal arthropathy is gout, which is also the most prevalent cause of inflammatory arthritis. Gouty Patients frequently have excruciating pain and swelling in their joints. Gout is linked to decreased health-related quality of life and functional disability. Gout and its associated diseases have been shown to have a significant impact on patients mortality and morbidities. Metformin, a biguanide, is used to manage diabetes by reducing insulin resistance and preventing comorbidities such as cerebrovascular and coronary artery disease, as well as providing renal protection to diabetic nephropathy patients

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, painful disease associated with considerable morbidity, costs and disability. It is estimated that over a third of people aged over 60 have radiographic knee OA2 and over 50% of these with knee OA will go on to have a total knee replacement in their lifetime. At present there are no licensed treatments that alter disease progress and management is primarily concerned with symptom control to retain or improve joint function, although a trial of strontium ranelate showed promising results.

Debate continues on whether or not male homosexuality (MH) is a result of biological or cultural factors. The debate persists despite the fact that these two sides have different abilities to create a scientific environment to support their cause. Biological theorists produced evidence, however, that these are not always robust. On the other hand, social theorists, without direct evidence confirming their positions, criticize, with good argument, methods and results of the other side.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting millions of people all over the world. Epileptic seizures are caused by abnormal synchronized electrical neuronal discharges that could be either focal or widespread. Pathogenesis of epilepsy involves multiple processes including genetics, oxidative stress, ion channels, neuroinflammation, and cellular damage through autophagy and apoptosis. Neuroinflammation is considered one of the most important factors contributing critically to epileptogenesis.