Clinical trials

Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a rare blood cancer affecting over 5000 people a year in the UK. All cases of myeloma start with a condition called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). MGUS occurs in approximately 3.2% of people aged 50 and over. Only a small proportion of these people - around 1% each year - will develop myeloma. Most people with MGUS have no symptoms, but a small number of people will suffer complications. This group are referred to as having monoclonal gammopathy of clinical significance (MGCS). People with myeloma frequently experience long delays in diagnosis; the delays are longer than for any other cancer. Although we know that MGUS leads to myeloma, most cases of MGUS are only found 'incidentally' when the person is having blood tests for something else. And the people who have MGUS do not have consistent testing or follow up. This situation means that 80 - 90% of people who are diagnosed with myeloma did not have an earlier MGUS diagnosis. Earlier diagnosis of myeloma might be possible with better understanding MGUS and how it should be monitored. The SECURE study will help with this. It will help confirm the rate at which people with MGUS progress to a diagnosis of myeloma. It will further understanding of screening, diagnosis, and monitoring patterns of people with MGUS and MGCS in the UK. The study aims to find out more about the role of family history and demographic factors in the development of MGUS. It will also find out more about the psychological impact of an MGUS diagnosis and individual quality of life. Patients with MGUS will be identified by their clinical care team and invited to participate in the SECURE study. Participants will be required to answer surveys and questionnaires annually for a period of 5 years or until their disease changes. The study will recruit participants from 20 NHS sites in the UK. Some will be asked to provide blood samples. SECURE is funded by Cancer Research UK (CRUK) and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR).

The CAPTURE AMI trial is an investigator-initiated, single-centre, two-arm, randomised controlled trial. Patients aged ≥ 18 years who present with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) will be enrolled after angiographic evidence of a high thrombus burden (TIMI thrombus grade ≥ 4) and meeting the inclusion criteria laid out in section 9.2 will be 1:1 randomised to receive either standalone PCI (Arm 1) or adjunct sustained mechanical thrombectomy + PCI (Arm 2). The CAPTURE AMI study will enrol specifically patients with: A. Evidence of high thrombus burden on coronary angiography (TIMI thrombus grade ≥ 4) B. Culprit in an artery with a diameter of 3.0 mm or more. The trial is designed to evaluate the efficacy of sustained mechanical thrombectomy versus standalone PCI in patients with a large thrombus burden assessed angiographically, with a pre-stent thrombus burden (%) as the primary imaging endpoint.

The investigators will use state-of-the-art imaging to look at heart disease in people with haemophilia. Haemophilia is an inherited disorder in which blood does not clot properly because of lack of a key 'glue' blood component (chemicals known as factor VIII or IX). People with haemophilia are 40% less likely to die of heart disease, but it is not known exactly why this is. Understanding heart disease in people with haemophilia is important because better treatments for haemophilia mean that these patients are now living longer, but doctors still don't know if the risk for heart disease in these patients as they age is the same as that for the general population. If these processes are better understand (perhaps less blood clotting is actually protecting the heart from blockage-causing clots), scientists might be able to reduce the risk of heart attacks for everybody. The UK's first photon-counting detector cardiac CT scanner generates detailed images of the heart and its blood vessels by counting individual X-ray photons. Together with artificial intelligence tools, it is possible to extract a lot of information from these images. As people age, fat is deposited in the vessels which supply blood to the heart which forms plaques. Plaques cause narrowing of the vessels, reducing blood flow to the heart, and can also burst (rupture), leading to a blood clot and heart attack. The new CT scan will show the type and amount of plaques, and quantify the risk of plaque rupture, in people with haemophilia; and the investigators will compare this to people without haemophilia. Understanding the role of factor VIII/IX in heart attacks will improve management of heart disease in people with haemophilia, and may also lead to new prevention and treatment strategies that benefit heart health for everyone.

Thermal ablation is an established treatment for lung cancer. It involves insertion of a applicator under image guidance into a lung tumour and destroying it with radiofrequency, microwave or cryotherapy. One of the common side effects is pneumothorax, which is a leak of gas from the lungs when it punctured. Air leak necessitates placement of a drainage tube in more than half of patients undergoing the procedure. The drain can be associated with some morbidity including pain, reduced mobility, prolonged hospital stay and infection Pleural embolization refers to the injection of substances to the linings of the lung to seal air leakage. There is published evidence in using pleural embolization with autologous blood (blood drawn up from the patient's veins) to prevent pneumothorax in patients undergoing lung biopsies. This technique is also known as pleural blood patch (PBP). A study involving more than 4000 patients found that PBP reduced the rates of pneumothorax by 35% and drain placement by 55% in lung patients. A study using prophylactic gelfoam torpedo embolization for radiofrequency ablation showed significant reduction in chest drain rates. In this study, investigators plan to evaluate the PBP using a tandem needle technique in patients undergoing lung ablation at the Oxford Thermal Ablation Service, one of the largest units in the country performing about 200 ablations per year, mostly microwave ablations. Patients will be randomized to receive lung ablation with or without the PBP. The PBP technique is easy to learn, enjoys high technical success rates and does not expose the patient to any significant additional risk. The primary outcome is the chest drains rates in the two trial groups: 1. patients undergoing lung ablation without PBP and 2. patients undergoing lung ablation with PBP. Other outcomes that would be measured include the volume of gas leakage on Computed Tomography (CT) imaging, safety profile, length of stay, feasibility of same day discharge, patient oriented outcomes including validated pain score, and institution oriented outcomes including medical costs. A positive trial could significantly reduce the side effect profile of lung ablation and hasten the patient's recovery. There could be significant savings in healthcare costs as the procedure may become safe to perform as a day procedure as opposed to an overnight procedure.

Around 3,300 people are diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma (STS) each year in the UK, and a significant proportion of STS diagnoses are in people aged under 30 years. STS can arise from various tissue types and is comprised of over 50 tumour types. Although STS is treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis is relatively poor with a five-year survival rate of 54%. There is an unmet need for further treatment modalities in STS. High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a non-invasive way of treating cancers with minimal side effects, low complication rate and quick recovery. Ultrasound waves are used to destroy tumour cells and improvements in technology and experience are enabling complete destruction of tumour. HIFU also releases tumour antigens, increasing the immune response against cancer. HIFU has received FDA approvals for several indications, including bone metastases and we are using a CE-approved HIFU device in Oxford (UKCA-approvals anticipated for 2023). There have been some publications from China showing promise in STS, however this technology needs further evaluation within the UK's healthcare setting. This study will recruit patients with both resectable and unresectable STS, in addition to unresectable small symptomatic desmoid tumours. 12-16 patients, and a minimum of 10 patients with malignant STS, will be treated over a maximum recruitment period of three years. HIFU treatment will be carried out as a day case procedure, and patients will be expected to be discharged home the same day. The study is designed to generate evidence regarding safety and feasibility of HIFU for ablation of STS and intra-abdominal desmoids. In addition, the study is anticipated to provide information about the efficacy of HIFU against these tumour types which can help in the design of later phase studies. Short-term outcomes include feasibility, safety and the completeness of destruction of the tumour. Long-term outcomes include one-year survival, local recurrence and quality of life metrics (including pain scores). The study will also look at immunological response following ablation of STS using both blood and tumour samples pre- and post-HIFU ablation.

Fetal growth restriction during pregnancy represents one of the biggest risk factors for stillbirth (Gardosi et al, 2013), with 'about one in three term, normally formed antepartum stillbirths are related to abnormalities of fetal growth' (MBRRACE, 2015). Therefore, antenatal detection of growth restricted babies is vital in order to be able to monitor and decide the appropriate delivery timing. However, antenatal detection of SGA babies has been poor, varying greatly across trusts in England in those that calculate their rates (NHS England, 2016). Most trusts do not calculate their detection rates and rates are therefore unknown. It is estimated that routine NHS care detects only 1 in 4 growth restricted babies (Smith, 2015). Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, in partnership with the Oxford Academic Health Science Network (AHSN) has introduced a clinical care pathway (the Oxford Growth Restriction Pathway (OxGRIP)) designed to increase the rates of detection of these at risk babies. The pathway is intended to increase the identification of babies who are at risk of stillbirth, in order to try to prevent this outcome, whilst making best usage of resources, and restricting inequitable practice and unnecessary obstetric intervention. It has been developed with reference to a body of research, however, the individual parts of care provided have not been put together in a pathway in this manner before. Therefore it is important to examine whether the pathway meets its goals of improving outcomes for babies in a 'real world' setting. The principles of the pathway are 1. A universal routine scan at 36 weeks gestation. 2. Additional growth scans at 28 and 32 weeks gestation based on a simplified assessment of risk factors and universal uterine artery Doppler at 20 weeks gestation. 3. Assessment of further parameters other than estimated fetal weight associated with adverse perinatal outcome (eg growth velocity, umbilical artery Doppler and CPR). The clinical data routinely collected as a result of the introduction of the pathway offers a valuable and unique resource in identifying and analysing in the effects of the pathway on its intended outcomes and also in investigating and analysing other maternal, fetal and neonatal complications and outcomes, establishing normal / reference ranges for ultrasound values.

Spasticity is an umbrella term for impairments of muscle tone and control in people with damage to the brain and spinal cord. It is highly prevalent and results in pain, stiffness, and contribute to difficulties in activities of daily living. Current treatment options are limited, and many people experience only partial reduction in spasticity and frequent repeated treatments are needed. Cryoneurolysis is a medical technique which involves the controlled freezing of the nerves. It has been approved in the UK for the treatment of pain in the context of spasticity through the targeting of nerves which control problematic muscles. Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust has been offering this treatment routinely since January 2024. This pilot study aims to improve the understanding of the potential effectiveness of this treatment and its potential side effects when compared with a more commonly used treatment (Botulinum Toxin). Participants will be randomly allocated to receive usual care with Botulinum Toxin (control group) or usual care with Cryoneurolysis (intervention group). The investigators will assess pain, goal attainment, side effects, spasticity, disability and independence in daily activities, and movement of the arm and leg. Assessments will be at baseline and then 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-weeks following treatment. Participants who are randomised to the control group will have the opportunity to receive cryoneurolysis treatment after the 12 week follow up assessment. The results of this study will help to guide future studies to examine the effectiveness of this treatment.