Clinical trials

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major therapeutic challenge. Although targeted therapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved clinical outcomes, the objective response rate and conversion surgery rate remain suboptimal. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a non-thermal ablation technique that can induce tumor cell death while preserving surrounding vascular and biliary structures. Emerging evidence suggests that IRE may enhance anti-tumor immunity and synergize with systemic therapy. This prospective, single-center, open-label study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IRE combined with lenvatinib and sintilimab in patients with advanced HCC. Eligible patients with unresectable CNLC stage IIa, IIb, or IIIa disease will receive standard targeted therapy and immunotherapy with or without IRE according to treatment allocation. The primary endpoints are objective response rate (ORR) and conversion surgery rate. Secondary endpoints include time to response (TTR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The study is expected to provide evidence regarding the role of IRE in enhancing tumor response and increasing the likelihood of curative-intent surgical resection in patients with advanced HCC.

This is a prospective, single-arm, investigator-initiated clinical study designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lenalidomide in combination with targeted therapy and immunotherapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have experienced disease progression after multiple lines of systemic treatment. Eligible patients must have received at least two prior lines of systemic therapy, including both targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based treatment, and must have previously achieved clinical benefit from their most recent treatment regimen before developing disease progression. Participants will continue their current targeted therapy and immunotherapy regimen and receive lenalidomide as add-on treatment. The study will assess antitumor activity, survival outcomes, and treatment-related adverse events. The primary objectives are to evaluate 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) and the incidence of grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). Secondary objectives include objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), duration of response (DoR), and overall survival (OS).