Clinical trials

The aim of this observational study is to determine the prevalence of OTOF gene variants among patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD). The primary research question is whether patients with ANSD carry a pathogenic or likely pathogenic OTOF gene variant. Participants will undergo genetic analysis of the OTOF gene.

This is a case control study including simple random cases of 90 persons, 45 of them have depressive disorders and the other 45 are healthy individuals,age group between 18-60 years old, cases will be recruited from outpatient psychiatric clinic in sohag university hospital, all cases will be exposed to psychological assessment and also laboratory assessment of kynurenine metabolites by using biokits

Breast abscess is a localized suppurative complication of breast infection commonly managed by ultrasound-guided needle aspiration combined with antibiotic therapy. This prospective observational study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors associated with successful non-surgical management versus treatment failure requiring surgical intervention in adult female patients with lactational and non-lactational breast abscesses.

This study will aim to examine the Effect of integrated Mobile Health Platform on early detection of clinical outcomes of Critical ill patients.

Prognostic Value Enhancement Of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment )SOFA( Score by Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Red Cell Distribution Width in Cardiogenic Shock Patients.

This prospective study will evaluate two different approaches for performing embolization to treat varicocele, a condition in which the veins around the testicle become enlarged. Thirty patients with varicocele will undergo embolization using either a transjugular approach, through a vein in the neck, or a transfemoral approach, through a vein in the groin. The choice of approach will depend on the patient's venous anatomy and the feasibility of the procedure. Patients will be followed up at one and three months after the procedure to assess treatment effectiveness, symptom improvement, and any complications.

This study aims to assess intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decenteration by means of ultrasound biomicroscopy after phacoemulsification.

analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with meningitis at Sohag Governorate .This is an ambidirectional (retrospective and prospective), hospital-based observational study. The study involves a retrospective review of patient records over the past 3 years, combined with a prospective recruitment of new patients for one year from the initiation of the study

This prospective observational analytical study aims to assess the diagnostic value of Cancer Ratio and Cancer Ratio Plus in differentiating malignant pleural effusion from tuberculous pleural effusion. Adult patients with confirmed malignant or tuberculous pleural effusion will be recruited from the Chest Diseases Department, Sohag University Hospitals. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data will be collected, and the diagnostic performance of both markers will be evaluated.

Termination of Second trimester Abortion with Letrozole and Misoprostol Compared to Misoprostol Alone

Despite advancements in surgical procedures, Anastomotic leakage (AL) remains a common complication following gastrointestinal surgery. It carries a high rate of morbidity and mortality, increases the cost of treatment, and leads to further interventions and delayed recovery. As surgical practice advances, AL becomes a significant obstacle for gastrointestinal surgeons worldwide (Smith et al., 2023). The rate of AL depends on the type of operation, the location of the anastomosis, the disease itself, the method of surgery, and patient-related factors. Patient factors that contribute to AL include malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, steroid use, emergency operations, and poor blood flow to tissues (Johnson and Lee, 2024). Even though AL begins with a small lesion in the area of the anastomosis, it can lead to extensive intra-abdominal sepsis, multiple organ failure, and death due to late diagnosis. Furthermore, in cases of oncological surgery, AL can negatively impact long-term outcomes because of delay in adjuvant treatment and increased recurrence (Brown et al., 2025). Early identification of AL is quite challenging because postoperative symptoms are nonspecific and may resemble the common inflammatory reaction after major surgery. Symptoms including fever, tachycardia, abdominal pain, ileus, leukocytosis, or purulent drainage usually become visible only when the condition is already at an advanced stage. Radiologic tests including contrast-enhanced CT are effective methods in identifying complications. However, using these techniques in every patient after major surgery is neither feasible nor economical, and some early cases may be overlooked (Wilson et al., 2023).

* To evaluate HER2 expression in breast carcinoma with emphasizing HER2-ultralow, and HER2-low, HER2 equivocal tumors. * To correlate the results of HER2 with clinico-pathological prognostic parameters; examples tumor grade, Ki-67 proliferation index, nodal status, tumor size, lympho-vascular invasion, and perineural invasion, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes * To access interobserval agreement in HER2 score interpretation

assess and compare the functional and aesthetic outcomes of different surgical techniques used for reconstruction of post-traumatic and post-burn first web space obliteration.

This prospective observational study aims to compare the diagnostic performance of non-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (NC-MRA) and carotid Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of carotid artery disease among patients with ischemic cerebrovascular stroke or transient ischemic attack. A total of 200 adult patients presenting to Sohag University Hospital will undergo both imaging modalities. The study will assess the agreement between NC-MRA and carotid Doppler in detecting and grading carotid artery stenosis according to the NASCET criteria, with the goal of evaluating the clinical utility of each technique and optimizing imaging strategies for the assessment of cerebrovascular stroke.

Primary Objective: To determine the optimal cutoff values of the ultrasound score for different PAS subtypes (no PAS, placenta accreta, placenta increta, and placenta percreta). To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the novel Ultrasound Scoring System in predicting the severity of Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS) (placenta accreta, increta, and percreta). Secondary Objective: * To correlate the novel ultrasound score with intraoperative findings (considered the gold standard) during cesarean delivery, including the degree of placental invasion and the need for surgical interventions (hysterectomy, bladder repair). * To assess the relationship between the novel ultrasound score and postoperative complications, such as: * Requirement for hysterectomy * Bladder or bowel injury * Blood transfusion requirement * ICU admission rates * To explore the potential for integrating the Ultrasound Scoring System with other clinical indicators (e.g., patient age, parity, and history of cesarean sections) to enhance the predictive accuracy for PAS.

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myelo-proliferative neoplasm characterized by abnormal proliferation of myeloid cells. There is an accumulation of mature granulocytes in the blood and bone marrow. The aim of the study is to study expression of CD38 and CD56 in patients with Chronic myeloid leukemia.

The goal of this observational study is to evaluate the association between different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and their specific patterns of skeletal metastases on Technetium-99m MDP bone scintigraphy. The study will include adult male and female patients aged 18 to 80 years with histopathologically confirmed breast cancer who are referred for whole-body bone scintigraphy. The main questions it aims to answer are: * What is the frequency and pattern of skeletal metastases across different breast cancer molecular subtypes (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Triple-Negative) on bone scintigraphy? * How do nuclear medicine scintigraphic findings correlate with tumor biomarker profiles? Researchers will compare imaging patterns among the different molecular subtype groups to determine if specific biomarker profiles correlate with distinct bone metastatic behaviors.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells , historically individuals with T1D are not liable for metabolic complications. Recent evidence suggests a prevalence of MASLD in approximately 22.2% of adults with T1D; moreover, significant fibrosis (\> F2) is observed 'in 13.2% and advanced fibrosis (\> F3) in 5.12% of them (1) The development of MASLD is related to a persistence of inflammatory state and is favored by lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of free cholesterol(2) In individuals with T1D, MASLD risk may be influenced by disease-specific factors, including lifelong exposure to exogenous insulin, peripheral hyperinsulinemia with relative portal hypoinsulinemia, chronic hyperglycemia, marked glycemic variability, recurrent hypoglycemia, and progressive alterations in body composition. Even in the absence of classical insulin resistance, these factors may promote hepatic denovo lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation through alternative metabolic pathways Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells , historically individuals with T1D are not liable for metabolic complications. Recent evidence suggests a prevalence of MASLD in approximately 22.2% of adults with T1D; moreover, significant fibrosis (\> F2) is observed 'in 13.2% and advanced fibrosis (\> F3) in 5.12% of them (1) The development of MASLD is related to a persistence of inflammatory state and is favored by lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of free cholesterol(2) In individuals with T1D, MASLD risk may be influenced by disease-specific factors, including lifelong exposure to exogenous insulin, peripheral hyperinsulinemia with relative portal hypoinsulinemia, chronic hyperglycemia, marked glycemic variability, recurrent hypoglycemia, and progressive alterations in body composition. Even in the absence of classical insulin resistance, these factors may promote hepatic denovo lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation through alternative metabolic pathways Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells , historically individuals with T1D are not liable for metabolic complications. Recent evidence suggests a prevalence of MASLD in approximately 22.2% of adults with T1D; moreover, significant fibrosis (\> F2) is observed 'in 13.2% and advanced fibrosis (\> F3) in 5.12% of them (1) The development of MASLD is related to a persistence of inflammatory state and is favored by lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of free cholesterol(2) In individuals with T1D, MASLD risk may be influenced by disease-specific factors, including lifelong exposure to exogenous insulin, peripheral hyperinsulinemia with relative portal hypoinsulinemia, chronic hyperglycemia, marked glycemic variability, recurrent hypoglycemia, and progressive alterations in body composition. Even in the absence of classical insulin resistance, these factors may promote hepatic denovo lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation through alternative metabolic pathways Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a disease characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin secondary to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells , historically individuals with T1D are not liable for metabolic complications. Recent evidence suggests a prevalence of MASLD in approximately 22.2% of adults with T1D; moreover, significant fibrosis (\> F2) is observed 'in 13.2% and advanced fibrosis (\> F3) in 5.12% of them (1) The development of MASLD is related to a persistence of inflammatory state and is favored by lipotoxicity due to the accumulation of free cholesterol(2) In individuals with T1D, MASLD risk may be influenced by disease-specific factors, including lifelong exposure to exogenous insulin, peripheral hyperinsulinemia with relative portal hypoinsulinemia, chronic hyperglycemia, marked glycemic variability, recurrent hypoglycemia, and progressive alterations in body composition. Even in the absence of classical insulin resistance, these factors may promote hepatic denovo lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation through alternative metabolic pathways

This observational cross-sectional study aims to assess retinal microvascular changes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with diabetic retinopathy. The study will evaluate retinal vessel density and foveal avascular zone parameters and investigate their correlation with best-corrected visual acuity and glycemic control (HbA1c) across different stages of diabetic retinopathy. The findings may improve understanding of retinal microvascular alterations and their clinical significance.

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS), particularly if it is caused by a large-vessel occlusion (LVO), is a severe and life-threatening disease. Endovascular therapy (EVT) has rendered safe and effective treatment of AIS due to LVO possible, and new thrombolytic agents and neuroprotectants could soon complement pharmacological AIS therapy. These treatments are highly time dependent. Hence, the overarching goal in the management of patients with AIS is to rapidly and safely transfer, diagnose, and treat patients with AIS (1). The only available 2 treatment options are intravenous alteplase and endovascular therapy (mechanical clot removal), both of which are highly time dependent. Thus, rapid patient transfer, diagnosis, and treatment are crucial, and time-consuming imaging methods and overly selective treatment selection criteria should be avoided (2). Imaging is crucial for AIS management, as it confirms the diagnosis and guides treatment, with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase) and/or EVT, the 2 evidence-based treatment strategies for AIS. Every 30-min delay in recanalization decreases the chance of a good functional outcome by 8% to 14% (3). Clinical outcome after large-vessel occlusive strokes depends on admitting clinical condition, successful recanalization, and robust collateral circulation. However, predicting successful recanalization and quantifying collateral status in the acute setting remain elusive (4). Successful recanalization has many predictive factors. Strong evidence supports increasing clot length being associated with poor recanalization. Current imaging techniques completed in the acute setting suggest that clot length can be estimated with a clot burden score (5). Studies consistently show that independent predictors in clinical outcome remain the patient's admission clinical condition as evaluated by baseline NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and ischemic lesion volume. Emphasis on lesion volume suggested that stroke mechanism, particularly lacunar strokes with their smaller ischemic volumes, could be an independent predictor for favorable clinical outcome. However, predicting clinical outcome with stroke mechanism, particularly in large vessel occlusions (LVO), remains elusive (6). As thrombus origin site (i.e., vein, artery, or heart) is thought to play a role in clot composition, cardioembolic and paradoxical strokes with their greater fibrin content and red cells were thought to be more susceptible to fibrinolysis than heterogeneous, chronic thrombotic arterial plaques formed in artery-to-artery strokes. However, studies continue to show that stroke mechanism does not influence recanalization or clinical outcome after intravenous rt-PA (IVtPA) (7). Radiological signs that are readily available on a patient's index CT scan have generated interest as predictors for patients undergoing EVT for LVO AIS. For example, poor baseline collateral flow status and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), assessed via CT angiography, are associated with a larger ischemic core and worse functional outcomes. Other radiological variables which have been investigated include clot characteristics including clot length, density, surface phenotype, truncal versus branch-type occlusions and the presence of a meniscus sign. Further radiological variables that have been studied pertain to vascular anatomy and include parameters that quantify vascular tortuosity such as the aortic arch type (8). Despite advances in the management of acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion, significant variability still exists in both clinical and radiological outcomes among patients. Moreover, the relative contribution and interaction of different clinical and imaging predictors in determining treatment success and functional recovery remain not fully established. In addition, there is still no complete consensus regarding the most reliable predictors of recanalization and favorable outcomes in the acute setting, particularly in relation to thrombus characteristics, collateral status, and vascular anatomy (9). Therefore, this study aims to evaluate factors affecting clinical and radiological outcome in management of acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion.

Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is a common cause of chronic pelvic pain in women and is associated with pelvic venous insufficiency. This prospective interventional study aims to evaluate the safety and clinical effectiveness of endovascular embolization in relieving symptoms and improving quality of life in women diagnosed with PCS

This prospective comparative study aims to evaluate the outcomes of septoplasty with or without inferior turbinate reduction in patients with symptomatic deviated nasal septum. Subjective and objective outcomes will be assessed using the NOSE score, Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF), and nasal endoscopic examination before and after surgery.

Optical and ultrasound biometry will be done for Patients who will undergo pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicon oil injection preoperative and post operative 1 month

An observational cross-sectional comparative study which will be conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Sohag University Hospital, Egypt to detect the relation between glycemic control and retinal microvascular changes in diabetic patients using OCTA

This study evaluates whether combining two distinct pain-relief techniques-a peripheral nerve block called the Erector Spinae Plane Block (ESPB) and a low-dose spinal medication injection called Intrathecal Morphine (ITM)-provides better postoperative pain management for adult patients undergoing major midline abdominal surgery (laparotomy) compared to using either technique alone. The main goal is to see if this combination improves pain control and reduces the total amount of opioids required by patients within the first 48 hours after surgery.