Clinical trials

Brucellosis is a globally distributed zoonosis with persistent clinical management challenges. The World Health Organization(WHO)-recommended doxycycline-rifampin (DOX-RIF) dual regimen may drive rifampin-associated antimicrobial resistance across all brucellosis-endemic regions. Patients with osteoarticular brucellosis require long-term intravenous ceftriaxone triple therapy, which is linked to poor treatment adherence due to repeated hospital visits and outpatient care demands. Fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin \[LVX\], moxifloxacin \[MXF\]) exert excellent anti-Brucella activity and superior bone-joint penetration, yet high-quality multicenter prospective data comparing rifampin-sparing LVX-DOX/MXF-DOX dual regimens against standard RIF-DOX remain rarely reported. Existing comparative studies are limited to small single-center retrospective cohorts or trials pairing rifampin with fluoroquinolones rather than rifampin-free dual oral therapy. This multicenter prospective parallel-cohort protocol includes Module I (non-inferiority design) : 200 patients with uncomplicated acute brucellosis receiving 6-week dual oral therapy; and Module II (non-inferiority design) : 150 patients with imaging-confirmed osteoarticular brucellosis receiving 12-week triple therapy. Clinical data of standardized clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and subsequent longitudinal follow-up data will be collected via centralized electronic data capture. Primary endpoints include clinical and microbiological cure rates at 6 weeks (Module I) and 12 weeks (Module II). Secondary endpoints measure 24-week post treatment recurrence, 24- and 48-week radiologic improvement for osteoarticular disease, and adverse events during treatment. Multivariate regression and Cox models will identify independent prognostic factors and construct a generalizable recurrence risk prediction model. This clinical trial fills a critical evidence gap for oral fluoroquinolone-based regimens, with findings intended to supply supplementary brucellosis treatment approach, reduce rifampin resistance pressure, and eliminate reliance on prolonged parenteral therapy for complicated brucellosis.