Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition that significantly affects quality of life, psychological well-being, and interpersonal relationships. In Traditional Medicine, ED is classified into different syndrome patterns, which are essential for guiding individualized treatment; however, evidence on their distribution and associated factors in Vietnam remains limited. This cross-sectional study aims to determine the distribution of Traditional Medicine syndrome patterns in patients with ED and to evaluate their associations with demographic characteristics, clinical features, psychological status, and lifestyle factors, thereby providing evidence to support improved diagnosis and integrative treatment approaches.
Individuals aged 18 years or older who were diagnosed with erectile dysfunction by a clinical physician at Binh Dan Hospital between January 2026 and August 2026.
Willing to participate in the study and provide informed consent.
Unable to understand the questionnaire.
Unable to complete all the study questions.
Patients who do not wish to continue participating in the study.
Individuals aged 18 years or older diagnosed with erectile dysfunction at Binh Dan Hospital
Case-only
Cross-sectional
Not listed
Traditional medicine pattern identification
Severity of erectile dysfunction according to the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) score
Erectile dysfunction severity will be assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5), a 5-item validated questionnaire assessing erectile function. The total score ranges from 5 to 25 points. Higher scores indicate better erectile function and less severe erectile dysfunction.
Age, age at first diagnosis, BMI, educational level, severity of erectile dysfunction, clinical characteristics of penile erection in patients with erectile dysfunction, levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors
Age: Years Age at first diagnosis of ED: Years Body Mass Index (BMI): kg/m², calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)² Educational level: Categorical Severity of ED: IIEF-5 score, 5-25; higher scores indicate better erectile function Clinical characteristics of penile erection: Categorical Depression: DASS-21 depression subscale, 0-42; higher scores indicate greater severity Anxiety: DASS-21 anxiety subscale, 0-42; higher scores indicate greater severity Stress: DASS-21 stress subscale, 0-42; higher scores indicate greater severity Comorbidities: Categorical (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) Smoking: Categorical Alcohol consumption: Categorical
The associations between traditional medicine syndrome patterns and demographic, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics
The associations between traditional medicine syndrome patterns and demographic, clinical, and lifestyle characteristics, including age, age at first diagnosis, body mass index (BMI), educational level, severity and clinical characteristics of erectile dysfunction, psychological status (stress), and lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol consumption).
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