Activity Management Training in Low Back Pain

Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)

The COPM is used to assess individuals' activity performance and satisfaction levels. In this assessment scale, the problems encountered by individuals in the field of activity performance are determined through a semi-structured interview. Individuals evaluate their activity performance problems with their own performance and satisfaction scores. In the first step, individuals are asked to identify the problems in the areas of self-care, productivity and leisure time that they do, want to do or have difficulty in doing in their routine. In the second step, individuals are asked to assign an importance value between 1 and 10 to each of these activities. In the third step, individuals are asked to select up to 5 activities that are most important for them and to give performance and satisfaction scores between 1 and 10 for each activity. The performance and satisfaction scores are totalled and divided by the number of activities to obtain performance and satisfaction scores.

Body Awareness Questionnaire

The body awareness of the participants will be evaluated with the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) developed by Shields (31). The Turkish validity and reliability of the questionnaire was conducted by Karaca (2017). The questionnaire consists of four subscales (Note Changes in Response or Body Process, Predict Body Response, Onset of Illness, and Sleep-Wake Cycle) and 18 questions in total. The questionnaire is scored on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 'Not true for me' (1) to 'Completely true for me' (7).

Pain Activity Patterns Scale (PAPS)

The PAPS is a scale that determines the changing activity patterns in individuals with chronic pain in 3 subgroups as avoidance, excessive avoidance and regularisation. It was developed by Cane et al. in Canada. The AAPS consists of 3 subgroups, including avoidance, excessive avoidance, and regularisation, and a total of 30 questions, 10 for each subgroup. In the scale, individuals with chronic pain are asked to answer questions about how they perform activities of daily living. In answering the questions in the scale, a 5-point Likert scoring system is used, 0-never, 2-sometimes, 4-always. In the calculation of the scale score, separate score calculations are made for the subgroups of avoidance, overdoing, and regularisation. The total scores calculated for the subgroups vary between 0-40 points separately. Within these 3 subgroups, the subgroup with the highest score by the patient is determined and it is determined which subgroup the participant adopts in activities of daily living

Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA)

The Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) will be used in the study to evaluate the basic cognitive skills of individuals. The test consists of 22 items, including 2 items of orientation, 6 items of visual-spatial perception, 7 items of visual-motor organisation, 6 items of thinking skills, and 1 item of attention. The content of the test (36): Orientation: 1. Time orientation 2. Place orientation Visual perception: 1. object recognition 2. shape recognition 3. overlapping figures 4. object invariance 5. spatial perception 6. praxis Visual-motor organisation: 1. Geometric shape copying 2. Two-dimensional model 3. Pegboard construction 4. Coloured block design 5. Plain block design 35 6. Jigsaw puzzle 7. Clock drawing Thinking Skills: 1. Categorisation 2. Risca Object Classification I - structured (Risca Object Classification- ROC I) 3. Riska Object Classification II - unstructured (ROC II) 4. Picture Sorting A 5. Picture Sorting B 6. Geometric Sorting Attention

Stroop test

The Stroop Test is a neuropsychological test that reflects frontal region activity. It measures the brain's ability to direct attention, conceptual flexibility and mental processing speed. In the first stage of the Stroop attention test, people are presented with the names of colours and asked to read these colours quickly. For example, no matter what colour the font is, it will be read as 'red'. In the second step, they are asked to quickly say what colour the dot clusters printed through ink are. For example, if the word 'red' is written in yellow font, they should say "yellow" instead of 'red'. In the final stage of the test, the third stage, the participants are asked to say the words written in a different colour than the name of the colour as fast as possible in a loud voice. For example, the word 'blue' is written in red or black. As a result of these experiments, the Stroop effect occurs. When it was investigated with imaging techniques where the Stroop effect affects the hum