Clinical trials

This study will develop and evaluate a metaverse-based infection control room of errors education program (META-ICR) for nursing students. A metaverse is an interactive, three-dimensional online environment. In META-ICR, students use a computer and mouse to explore a virtual patient room through an avatar. The study will compare this program with a physical patient room arranged with the same infection control situations. The study will include approximately 110 first-year nursing students at Çankırı Karatekin University in Türkiye. Students will be assigned by chance to either the META-ICR group or the physical room of errors group. Both groups will examine the same patient scenario and identify appropriate and inappropriate infection control practices. Topics will include hand hygiene, protective equipment, isolation precautions, handling of clean and contaminated materials, waste and linen management, and urinary drainage systems. Students in the META-ICR group will record their observations and care decisions through a web-based interface. Students in the physical room group will use paper forms. Both groups will receive feedback with the same educational content and participate in a 15-minute guided discussion after the activity. Activities will take place under similar supervision in university laboratory settings. The study will compare infection control knowledge, perceptions of the metaverse, and satisfaction with learning between the groups. Knowledge will be assessed before education, immediately after the educational session and guided discussion, and four weeks later to assess retention. Metaverse perceptions will be assessed before and immediately after education. Learning satisfaction will be assessed after education. All research questionnaires and knowledge tests will be completed on paper in both groups. The findings will help determine how an interactive virtual room compares with a physical room of errors for teaching infection control to nursing students.

The goal of this study is to find out whether a web-based simulation with game features helps first-year nursing students learn how to give an injection into the muscle on the side of the hip, known as the ventrogluteal site. The study will compare this approach with traditional teaching at Cankiri Karatekin University in Türkiye. The main questions are whether the web-based simulation improves students' knowledge and practical skills, increases their satisfaction and confidence in learning, and helps them remember what they have learned after eight weeks. All participants will receive the same initial classroom teaching and laboratory demonstration. They will then be assigned by chance to one of two groups. One group will receive traditional teaching. The other group will use the web-based simulation, which includes a patient scenario and interactive tasks, such as selecting equipment and moving items to a tray. The simulation has two modes. In the learning mode, students receive hints and explanations without being scored. In the self-test mode, they complete tasks without hints and receive a score report for feedback. Students must answer correctly before moving to the next step. Participants will complete a knowledge test, a practical skills assessment using an injection training model, and a questionnaire about satisfaction and confidence before the group-specific training and again one week afterward. They will repeat the knowledge test eight weeks after training to assess how much they remember. Practical skills will be assessed by two observers who do not know which teaching group each student belongs to.

This study aims to develop and evaluate a school-based occupational therapy program focused on sensory processing and activities of daily living for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability. Sensory processing difficulties often affect school participation, behavior regulation, and independence in daily tasks. Although occupational therapy interventions have shown benefits in clinical settings, evidence for their use in schools is limited. The trial will take place at Vali Ayhan Çevik Special Education School and will enroll students aged 6 to 14 years. Participants will be randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive weekly 50-minute occupational therapy sessions for 10 to 12 weeks, including sensory preparation, task-oriented practice, and strategies to support everyday skills. The control group will receive family education, a written home program, and routine school observation. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after the intervention, and at 4 to 6-week follow-up. The main outcome is change in Goal Attainment Scaling scores, which reflect progress toward individualized goals. Additional measures include functional ability, sensory processing, and demographic and clinical information. The study will also monitor feasibility and how closely the program is delivered as planned. This research is expected to provide evidence on the feasibility and effects of a standardized occupational therapy program in a school setting and to support the use of similar approaches in educational contexts.

Global warming and social justice issues are increasing the complexity of global healthcare delivery. Health systems significantly contribute to environmental harm through carbon emissions, medical waste, and resource overuse. Nurses, as the largest group in healthcare, face workplace hazards and environmental challenges, highlighting the need for institutions to promote sustainable practices and workplace safety. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) emphasize integrated social, economic, and environmental sustainability, with health and universal health coverage as key themes. The International Council of Nurses (ICN) underscores nurses' vital role in achieving these goals by linking nursing care to public health, sustainability, climate action, and education. Developing sustainability competencies in nursing education requires practical training in environmentally responsible behaviors within healthcare settings, beyond theoretical knowledge.

This observational study aims to evaluate exercise capacity, pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These psychiatric conditions are associated with sedentary lifestyles, metabolic side effects of psychotropic medications, and increased comorbidity risks, all of which may negatively impact physical fitness and respiratory health. By assessing cardiorespiratory endurance, pulmonary parameters (FVC, FEV₁), and respiratory muscle strength in this population, the study seeks to identify physiological limitations and contribute to the development of more effective rehabilitation strategies. The findings may support multidisciplinary approaches to improving physical health and overall quality of life in individuals with severe mental illness.

Health education is one approach to influencing individuals, groups, or communities to achieve better health. The literature indicates that increasing awareness of HPV, along with participation in early screening and vaccination programs, can positively influence attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, this research will be conducted to determine the effect of education using the card game method on the knowledge and health beliefs of hearing-impaired individuals regarding Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).

\*\*Brief Summary\*\* Lumbar radicular pain arising from intervertebral disc herniation is commonly managed with a caudal epidural steroid injection (CESI), a minimally invasive procedure that delivers anti-inflammatory medication to the sacral hiatus. Although CESI affords short-term analgesia, a sizable proportion of patients continue to experience pain-related disability and diminished quality of life, underscoring the need for optimised post-injection rehabilitation. This single-centre, three-arm, parallel-group randomised controlled trial will evaluate the comparative efficacy of two evidence-informed exercise paradigms-moderate-intensity aerobic training and progressive lumbopelvic stabilisation-when each is superimposed upon a standard physiotherapy package of heat, therapeutic ultrasound and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Forty-two adults (18-70 years) with MRI-confirmed lumbar disc herniation who have undergone CESI at Çankırı State Hospital will be randomly allocated (1:1:1) to one of the following six-week interventions, initiated two weeks post-injection and delivered thrice weekly under physiotherapist supervision: 1. Conventional physiotherapy alone (heat + ultrasound + TENS). 2. Conventional physiotherapy plus aerobic exercise (treadmill walking at 55-80 % of age-predicted maximal heart rate with structured warm-up/cool-down). 3. Conventional physiotherapy plus core-stabilisation exercise (phased activation of deep trunk musculature progressing to dynamic tasks on unstable surfaces). Primary end-points are pain intensity (10 cm Visual Analogue Scale) and back-specific disability (Oswestry Disability Index). Secondary end-points include generic health-related quality of life (SF-12) and lumbar proprioceptive body awareness (Fremantle Back Awareness Questionnaire). Outcomes will be captured at baseline, post-intervention (6 weeks) and at 3- and 6-month follow-up to ascertain both immediate and sustained effects. Study Question Does adjunctive aerobic or core-stabilisation exercise confer superior reductions in pain and disability, and greater gains in quality of life and body awareness, compared with conventional physiotherapy alone in adults following CESI for lumbar disc herniation? It is hypothesised that both exercise approaches will yield clinically and statistically superior outcomes relative to standard care, with stabilisation training providing the most durable functional benefits. Findings are expected to refine post-CESI rehabilitation algorithms and inform evidence-based clinical guidance for physiotherapists managing lumbar disc pathology.

The individuals participating in the study will be asked to fill in the Body Awareness Scale, Canadian Activity Performance Measure, Pain Activity Patterns Scale, Cognitive Status Scale, and Fatigue Severity Scale. Afterwards, colour block design, puzzle making, and picture sorting subtests of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment will be applied to the individuals. After the initial assessments, activity management training will be provided to the patients. In the activity management training, first week awareness training, second week ergonomics training, third week activity stepping training, fourth week joint-energy conservation training, and fifth week relaxation training will be given. In the sixth and last week, the goals set will be reviewed. All pre-treatment tests will be re-administered at 6 weeks post-treatment. All applications will be carried out within Çankırı Karatekin University.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral health education given to individuals diagnosed with COPD and using inhaled medication.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of laughter yoga on pain, fatigue, and general well-being in cancer patients and their caregivers. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a laughter yoga intervention group or a control group. The intervention group will receive six sessions of laughter yoga over two weeks. Outcomes will be measured before and after the intervention.

This study was planned to determine the effect of yoga training on reducing nausea and pain symptoms in young women with primary dysmenorrhea. As a result of this study, evaluating the extent to which women with dysmenorrhea experience pain and nausea and the extent to which yoga has a positive effect on these symptoms may shed light on women experiencing these symptoms and developments in the literature, and may increase the use of non-pharmacological approaches. The results of the study will contribute to the literature on dysmenorrhea, one of the important gynecological problems in women. In addition, although there are many results in the literature on the effectiveness of yoga in the management of nausea symptoms with cancer patients, there are not many studies on nausea on dysmenorrhea. In this respect, it will provide important evidence to the literature.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of education given with the jigsaw technique on the diabetic foot risk knowledge and self-efficacy in nursing students

The purpose of this study is to explore the ability of nursing students to create artificial intelligence-supported patient education materials regarding infection care. This study will be conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study. Data of the study will be collected with the Descriptive Characteristics Form, Patient Education Information Form and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (HEMDA).

The goal of this clinical trial is to examine the effect of artificial intelligence-assisted visual case analysis on nursing students' knowledge and attitudes towards pressure injury prevention. The main hypotheses it aims to answer are: * AI-assisted visual case analysis affects nursing students' knowledge about pressure injury prevention. * AI-assisted visual case analysis affects nursing students' attitudes toward pressure injury prevention. Researchers will compare AI-assisted case analysis to conventional case analysis to see if it affected nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about pressure injury prevention. Participants, * The case group will shown an AI-supported presentation explaining the pressure injury prevention case. The control group will given a classic case analysis. * At the end of the case, the PUPKAI and APuP scales will administered to the students in written form in the classroom.

This study aims to determine the effects of breastfeeding education using the card game method on breastfeeding success and breastfeeding self-efficacy in primiparous breastfeeding mothers.

This study was designed to examine the effect of picture supported art therapy on visual perception, hand functions, participation and quality of life of children in healthy children.

This study was planned as a pre-test post-test randomized controlled study in order to determine the effects of an online web-based deep relaxation exercise applied to pregnant women on maternal-fetal attachment and pregnancy perception. The study is planned to be conducted with pregnant women reached through social media (such as Facebook, Messenger, Instagram). The study is planned to be conducted between December 15, 2024 and June 15, 2025. The universe of the study will consist of pregnant women who volunteer to participate in online deep relaxation exercises and share their contact information. When the power analysis was performed, the sample size was calculated as a total of 80 pregnant women (40 experimental, 40 control), assuming that the web-based deep relaxation exercise applied would increase the mean maternal-fetal attachment score (72.25±7.16) (Güney and Uçar, 2019) by four and a half points at a 5% error level, a two-sided significance level, a 95% confidence interval, and an 80% ability to represent the universe (https://www.stat.ubc.ca/\~rollin/stats/ssize/n2.html). Pregnant women to be included in the groups will be selected from the relevant population using the improbable random sampling method.