A randomized clinical trial will be conducted at Realm Educational School. Children aged 6-12 years will be randomly assigned to either the AFE or DBT group using convenient sampling. Participants must be physically active and free from neurological, orthopedic, or cognitive impairments, while those with sensory impairments or recent musculoskeletal injuries will be excluded. Outcome measures will include the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Y-Balance Test, Observational Gait Scale (OGS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and BOT-2. Pre- and post-intervention assessments will evaluate the effectiveness of both interventions on balance, gait, mobility, and motor coordination.
Healthy school-going children aged 8-10 years
Both male and female participants
No history of neurological, orthopedic, or developmental disorders
Informed parental consent and child assent obtained
History of diagnosed balance or coordination issues.
Children with orthopedic and motor impairments.
Behavior or attention disorders limiting participation.
Neuromuscular conditions, Visual and mental disorders
Parallel
Adapted Frenkle Exercises
BehavioralParticipants will receive adapted Frenkel exercises progressing from simple to complex movements, focusing on controlled, precise lower-limb movements to improve coordination and balance. Sitting: Controlled leg movements (side leg placement to floor markers, drawing shapes with toes, slow leg lifts). Standing: Marching in place, side leg lifts, and controlled weight shifting. Walking drills: Straight-line walking with visual cues, step-and-stop walking, and figure-8 walking to negotiate obstacles.
Dynamic Balance Training
BehavioralParticipants will receive dynamic balance training emphasizing postural control, coordination, strength, and functional balance through varied movement tasks. Mat-based balance exercises Rope activities (e.g., jumping) Balance equipment and ground-based balance tasks Paired movements, rhythm and coordination activities, stepping stones, and non-dominant limb tasks
Pediatric Balance Scale
Assesses functional balance in children through 14 task-based items. Scale Range: 0-56 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better balance performance.
Y Balance Test - Pediatric version
The Y Balance Test is a dynamic balance assessment that measures a child's ability to maintain single-leg stance while reaching in three directions: anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral. Scale Range: Reach distance measured in centimeters (%) normalized to limb length. Interpretation: Higher reach distances indicate better dynamic balance and postural control.
Observational Gait Scale
Evaluates gait parameters, including stance, swing, and foot placement during walking. Scale Range: 0-22 Interpretation: Higher scores indicate better gait performance.
Timed Up and Go Test
Measures functional mobility and dynamic balance during sit-to-stand, walking, turning, and sitting. Scale Range: Measured in seconds (no fixed minimum or maximum score). Interpretation: Lower completion times indicate better functional mobility and balance performance.
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