High cancellation rates and suboptimal bowel preparation increase patient discomfort, drive economic waste, and compromise clinical outcomes. Despite guideline emphasis on adequate preparation quality, there is no standard on how or when instructions should be delivered. This study compares three common patient education modalities-usual care verbal counseling, written tri-lingual pamphlet, and visual media via smartphone QR code-to determine which yields the best bowel preparation quality as assessed by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) in an outpatient endoscopy setting.
Age 18 years or older
Outpatients scheduled for elective colonoscopy at Hospital Sibu Endoscopy Unit
Ability to provide written informed consent
Access to smartphone or computer with functional internet connectivity
History of non-compliance with prescribed medical regimens
Cognitive impairment, dementia, or significant mental health disorder compromising informed consent
Illiteracy or inability to read materials in provided languages
Prior colonic resection or colostomy