Breathing Interventions for Postoperative Breast Surgery Patients
Trial statusRecruiting
Trial phaseNot applicable
Trial typeInterventional
Biological sexFemale
Age18+
SponsorOndokuz Mayıs University
About this trial
This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of pranayama and pursed-lip breathing exercises on postoperative pain, anxiety, and vital signs in patients undergoing breast surgery. Postoperative pain and anxiety are common problems that can negatively affect recovery, physiological stability, and overall well-being. Non-pharmacological interventions such as breathing exercises may help reduce these adverse outcomes and support recovery.
Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups: a pranayama breathing exercise group, a pursed-lip breathing exercise group, or a control group receiving routine postoperative care. Breathing exercises will be performed three times daily for five minutes. Outcomes including pain, anxiety, and vital signs will be measured at baseline (pretest), postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 2. The findings of this study are expected to provide evidence on the effectiveness of breathing exercises as supportive nursing interventions in the postoperative care of breast surgery patients.
Eligibility criteria
This trial does not accept healthy volunteersQualifiers
Adults aged 18 years and older
Able to communicate effectively
Patients undergoing elective surgery for the first time, including radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, or simple mastectomy
Disqualifiers
Patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery
Patients who develop any postoperative complications, such as bleeding or anesthesia-related complications
Individuals with cognitive or mental impairments
Patients who wish to withdraw from the study at any stage
Trial design
Design model
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
Pranayama Breathing Exercise
BehavioralParticipants perform pranayama breathing exercises (Nadi Shodhana technique) starting at the 4th postoperative hour. The exercise is performed three times daily for two consecutive days. Each session lasts approximately five minutes and is administered in addition to routine postoperative care. The breathing technique involves slow, controlled inhalation and exhalation through alternate nostrils to improve respiratory function and relaxation.
Pursed-Lip Breathing Exercise
BehavioralParticipants perform pursed-lip breathing exercises starting at the 4th postoperative hour. The exercise is performed three times daily for two consecutive days, with each session lasting approximately five minutes. Participants inhale slowly through the nose and exhale through pursed lips to prolong exhalation and improve ventilation, in addition to routine postoperative care.
Treatment groups
126 Participants
are divided into 3 treatment groupsGroup A: Pranayama Breathing GroupExperimental treatment 1 intervention
Group B: Pursed-Lip Breathing GroupExperimental treatment 1 intervention
Group C: Control GroupNo intervention 0 interventions
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
1
Postoperative Pain Level
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a 10-centimeter scale ranging from 0 to 10, where 0 indicates "no pain" and 10 indicates "worst imaginable pain." Higher scores represent greater pain intensity. The scale will be administered on postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 2.
Time frame
Postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 2.Secondary outcomes
1
Postoperative Anxiety Level
Anxiety will be assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-State Form), a 20-item self-report questionnaire with total scores ranging from 20 to 80. Higher scores indicate greater levels of anxiety. The scale will be administered on postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 2.
Time frame
postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 2.2
Changes in Heart Rate
Heart rate (beats per minute) will be measured manually by counting the radial pulse for one minute. Higher values indicate increased heart rate.
Time frame
postoperative day 1, and postoperative day 2.3
Changes in Oxygen Saturation
Oxygen saturation (SpO₂, %) will be measured using pulse oximetry. Higher values indicate better oxygenation status.
Time frame
Postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 2.4
Changes in Blood Pressure
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) will be measured manually using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Higher systolic and diastolic values indicate increased blood pressure.
Time frame
Postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 2.Sponsors and contacts
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Source ClinicalTrials.gov