Postoperative Pain

This study aims to compare the efficacy of intrathecal morphine and intrathecal dexmedetomidine in reducing pain following lumbar spine fixation surgeries.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a common surgical procedure that can cause significant postoperative pain, particularly originating from trocar insertion sites. Regional anesthesia techniques are frequently used as part of multimodal analgesia to improve patient comfort. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of adding a recto-intercostal fascial plane block (RIFPB) to an external oblique intercostal plane block (EOIPB). Patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy will be randomly assigned to receive either an EOIPB alone or a combination of EOIPB and RIFPB. The primary objective is to determine if the combined block approach provides superior postoperative analgesia, evaluated by compared to the EOIPB alone.

This prospective, randomized, single-center, single-blind study aims to evaluate the effects of video-based preoperative education on physician trust, postoperative pain, anxiety, and opioid consumption in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Sixty-two ASA I-II patients aged 18-65 years will be randomized into two groups: standard verbal information alone or verbal information plus a standardized educational video regarding ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block. All patients will receive standardized general anesthesia, multimodal analgesia, and bilateral TAP block. The primary outcome will be physician trust assessed at postoperative 24 hours using the Trust in Physician Scale. Secondary outcomes include preoperative anxiety measured with the Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption, rescue analgesic requirement, and postoperative nausea and vomiting incidence. The study hypothesizes that video-based education will improve physician trust and perioperative patient-centered outcomes.

This study Maims to assess bowel motility, pain and psychological well-being in women in the post-cesarean period by mobilizing them early and encouraging them to consume coffee.

This study aims to investigate the effect of pranayama breathing exercises on postoperative pain and postpartum comfort levels in women following caesarean section, with the objective of providing important evidence for the integration of non-pharmacological methods into postpartum care.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effect of acupressure on respiratory performance and pain levels in adult patients who have undergone open-heart surgery. Pulmonary complications and severe pain are common after cardiac surgery, often limiting the effectiveness of standard deep breathing exercises such as incentive spirometry. This study investigates whether applying acupressure-a non-invasive complementary therapy-can help manage postoperative pain and improve respiratory capacity. By potentially reducing pain without the respiratory side effects associated with pharmacological medications, acupressure may enable patients to perform their breathing exercises more effectively and support their overall recovery.

Aromatherapy's Impact on Preoperative Anxiety, Postoperative Pain, and Patient Experience Introduction: Surgery often results in increased levels of anxiety and postoperative pain. Postoperative pain relief is typically treated with opioids. However, evidence shows that treatment with opioids alone is often insufficient to provide adequate levels of pain relief and can contribute to the growing opioid crisis. Alternative pain management strategies that combine narcotic medication with complementary therapies can improve comfort as well as decrease preoperative anxiety. Aromatherapy is an evidence-based complementary therapy used to decrease preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain that has been underutilized in ambulatory surgical centers. This study aimed to evaluate the impact Aromatherapy has as an anxiety and pain management strategy. Subsequently, evidence also supports that improving the patient experience can lead to better surgical outcomes. Study Aim: This study will examine the effect that aromatherapy has on preoperative anxiety, postoperative pain and patient experience Study Question(s): In perioperative patients at Kaiser Stockton Ambulatory Surgery Unit, how does aromatherapy, compared with standard practice, affect preoperative anxiety? In perioperative patients at Kaiser Stockton Ambulatory Surgery Unit, how does aromatherapy, compared with standard practice, affect postoperative pain? In perioperative patients at Kaiser Stockton Ambulatory Surgery Unit, how does aromatherapy, compared with standard practice, affect patient experience? Study Method: Prospective Experimental Randomized Control Clinical Trial Study Duration: 18 months Study Process: The participants will be recruited through their Pre-surgery interview, at which time a brief explanation will be given on aromatherapy, its potential to reduce preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain, and increase the patient experience. The study design and protocol will also be described. Should the participants elect to participate in this study, they will be randomly assigned using a computer program. Upon arrival for surgery, informed consent will be obtained. Anxiety and pain will be assessed for pre- and post- intervention and just before transferring to the operating room (OR). Upon arrival to the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), pain will be assessed in 15-minute intervals until discharge. Anxiety will be reassessed at discharge. Experience will be assessed 2 weeks after discharge. Data Analysis: A one-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) will be used to assess the impact of aromatherapy on pain, anxiety, and satisfaction. Conclusions: This study aims to add to the body of knowledge of how the incorporation of aromatherapy can impact patient outcomes.

This randomized, prospective study aims to compare the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided Deep Subgluteal Block (DSGB) versus Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) block combined with Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) block for postoperative analgesia management in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty. A total of 60 patients scheduled for hip arthroplasty under general anesthesia will be randomly allocated into two equal groups of 30: Group DSG and Group PENG+LFCN. Total local anesthetic volume (30 mL) and active drug dose (75 mg bupivacaine) will be standardized across both groups to ensure rigorous blinding and high methodological quality. The primary outcome of the study is to compare total postoperative opioid (fentanyl) consumption within the first 24 hours. Secondary outcomes include postoperative pain scores evaluated via the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at rest and during movement, the presence and degree of quadriceps motor block, and opioid-related adverse effects (e.g., nausea, vomiting, pruritus).

Hip fracture is a common injury in elderly patients, often requiring surgical treatment. However, these patients frequently experience severe postoperative pain, which can delay mobility and recovery, and increase the risk of complications such as delirium, pneumonia, and prolonged hospital stay. The fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) is a regional anesthesia technique that has been shown to provide effective pain relief for hip fracture patients. This study aims to investigate whether early administration of FICB, performed upon hospital admission before surgery, can improve postoperative rehabilitation outcomes in elderly patients with hip fracture. This is a prospective, randomized, controlled study. A total of 144 elderly patients with hip fracture will be randomly assigned to either the FICB group or the control group. The FICB group will receive ultrasound-guided FICB after being admitted to the orthopaedic ward, while the control group will receive standard analgesic care once inside the operating room. The primary outcome measure is Quality of Recovery-15 score (QoR-15 score) 24 hours post-surgery. Secondary outcomes include: QoR-15 score at 48 hours postoperatively, NRS scores and sleep duration and quality scores at preoperative and various postoperative time points, total perioperative consumption of opioids and other analgesic drugs, extubation time and emergence agitation during anesthesia recovery period, incidence of delirium from postoperative period to before discharge, length of hospital stay, and overall satisfaction score with pain management. The hypothesis of this study is that early FICB intervention, compared to standard care, will lead to better pain control, earlier mobilization, shorter hospital stay, and improved overall postoperative recovery in elderly patients with hip fracture.

This prospective, randomized, patient- and assessor-blinded, single-center non-inferiority trial will compare the analgesic efficacy of the Shoulder Posterior Pericapsular Nerve Group (SPENG) block with combined posterior suprascapular and axillary nerve blocks in adults undergoing elective shoulder arthroscopy under general anesthesia. Both groups will receive the same total volume and concentration of local anesthetic. The primary outcome will be the highest resting Numeric Rating Scale pain score recorded during the first 24 postoperative hours. Secondary outcomes will include block performance time, sensory block success in suprascapular and axillary nerve territories, opioid consumption, time to rescue analgesia, motor function, diaphragmatic function, postoperative recovery quality, patient satisfaction, and block-related complications.

This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to compare the effectiveness of IV oxytocin infusion to placebo on peri-operative opioid consumption and reducing post-operative pain following a minimally invasive hysterectomy under general anesthesia.

This prospective randomized pilot study evaluates the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Patient-Controlled Dispenser and Deactivator (PCDD) Generation 1 system for patient-controlled oral liquid acetaminophen administration in postoperative total shoulder replacement inpatients compared with standard nurse-administered oral acetaminophen delivery.

This is a randomized, assessor-blinded, non-inferiority clinical trial comparing continuous thoracic paravertebral block (BPV) versus continuous thoracic epidural block (BPD) for postoperative pain control in adult patients undergoing elective open thoracotomy with one-lung ventilation. The primary outcome is the mean pain intensity at rest assessed by the Numeric Verbal Scale (NVS 0-10) during the first 48 hours after surgery. A total of 80 participants will be randomized 1:1 at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil. The study aims to determine whether BPV provides non-inferior analgesia compared to BPD, with a potential advantage of less hemodynamic interference and better postoperative mobilization.

This randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy of single Intertransverse Process Block (ITP) and multiple Intertransverse Process Block (ITP) in patients undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery. The primary outcome is Visual Analog Scale (VAS) during the first 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes include total opioid consumption, requirement for rescue analgesia, block performance time, block-related and systemic side effects (hematoma, pneumothorax, local anesthetic toxicity, vascular puncture, infection), Patient satisfaction assessed using a Likert scale, quality of recovery assessed using the QoR-15 questionnaire.

Patients after hip surgery often suffer from severe pain. Inadequate analgesia increases the risk of postoperative delirium, myocardial injury, and other complications. Peripheral nerve block is an important component of multimodal analgesia, but conventional local anesthetics (such as plain bupivacaine) provide only approximately 12 hours of analgesic duration, which is far from covering the most painful 72 hours after surgery. Liposomal bupivacaine has a slow-release property, prolonging the analgesic duration up to 72 hours after a single injection. However, its clinical advantages in hip fracture surgery remain controversial. The investigators suppose that, compared with plain bupivacaine alone, preoperative supra-inguinal fascia iliaca block using liposomal bupivacaine combined with plain bupivacaine can further improve analgesia, decrease opioid consumption, and improve postoperative recovery quality within 72 hours in older patients after hip fracture surgery.

Tonsillectomy (tonsil removal) is a very common surgery for children, but it often causes significant throat and ear pain afterward. Doctors usually inject a numbing medicine, such as bupivacaine, into the area around the tonsils to help control this pain. However, these injections require needles, which can cause swelling, distort tissue, and slightly increase the risk of bleeding or infection, and the pain relief typically only lasts for about 4 to 6 hours. This study is investigating a needle-free alternative to see if it provides effective pain relief. The researchers are testing a medication called magnesium sulfate, which blocks certain pain receptors and can be applied directly to the surgical site using a soaked gauze pad instead of a needle injection. The main goal of this clinical trial is to compare how well topical magnesium sulfate relieves pain compared to standard bupivacaine injections in children undergoing tonsillectomy. The study will include 40 children between the ages of 8 and 15 years old. During the surgery, while under general anesthesia, half of the children will receive the topical magnesium sulfate pad applied to the surgical area for 5 minutes, and the other half will receive the standard bupivacaine injection. After the surgery, researchers will measure the children's pain levels using visual pain scales featuring faces and numbers. They will also track how much extra pain medication the children need, how well their surgical wounds heal, and if they experience any adverse effects.

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery performed via sternotomy (incision of the breastbone) can cause severe pain after surgery; this can slow recovery and increase the need for opioid pain relievers. This study investigates whether placing a catheter to deliver a local anesthetic to the superficial parasternal intercostal plane reduces pain following this type of heart surgery. Patients undergoing CABG via sternotomy will be randomly assigned to either the catheter-based analgesia group or the standard pain management group. The researchers will compare postoperative pain levels and analgesic medication requirements between the two groups to determine whether this technique improves postoperative pain control.

This study aims to compare the analgesic effects of the serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block and intrathecal morphine in patients undergoing video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. This is a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-center clinical trial including adult patients undergoing elective thoracoscopic surgery. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block or intrathecal morphine before general anesthesia. The primary outcome is cumulative opioid consumption during the first 24 postoperative hours, expressed as intravenous morphine milligram equivalents. Secondary outcomes include pain scores, time to first analgesic request, quality of recovery, and postoperative complications. The study aims to determine whether these two techniques differ in their effectiveness for postoperative pain management.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate whether a single dose of psilocybin is feasible and safe for adults with opioid use disorder (OUD) who are recovering from trauma surgery. The main questions it aims to answer are: 1. Is a single psilocybin dose feasible to administer during postoperative hospitalization? 2. Is psilocybin safe in this patient population? 3. How does psilocybin affect postoperative pain, opioid use, anxiety, and depression after hospital discharge? Participants will: Receive one oral dose of psilocybin during their postoperative inpatient stay Complete assessments of pain, mood, and opioid use during recovery

This prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded study will compare serratus posterior superior intercostal plane block and erector spinae plane block in adult female patients undergoing unilateral breast surgery. The primary outcome is chronic postoperative pain at 3 months, assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form.

This study evaluates whether injecting a local anesthetic mixture (ropivacaine, morphine, ketorolac, and epinephrine) under the skin at the incision site before wound closure reduces pain after orthopedic wide excision surgery for bone or soft tissue tumors. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either the local anesthetic mixture or a saline control injection. Neither participants nor the study team assessing outcomes will know which treatment was given. The main goal is to determine whether this injection reduces the amount of opioid pain medication needed during the first 24 hours after surgery. The study will also assess pain scores, nausea and vomiting, and quality of recovery.

This study compares two regional anesthesia techniques used for pain control after lumbar spine surgery: the classic thoracolumbar interfascial plane (TLIP) block and the quadratus lumborum-iliac plane (QIP) block. Patients between 18 and 65 years of age who undergo elective lumbar discectomy (up to two spinal levels) will be observed based on which block their treating anesthesiologist chooses to use as part of routine clinical practice. No randomization or additional intervention beyond standard care will be performed. Researchers will record the total amount of opioid pain medication used in the first 24 hours after surgery, the time until the first request for pain medication, pain scores at several time points after surgery (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours), and any side effects (such as nausea, vomiting, or sedation) or complications related to the block. The aim is to compare the effectiveness and safety of these two techniques in reducing pain and opioid use after lumbar spine surgery.

Brief Summary Postoperative pain remains a common problem after laparoscopic abdominal surgery despite the minimally invasive nature of these procedures. Pain mainly arises from the trocar insertion sites, tissue manipulation, and the effects of pneumoperitoneum. Although systemic analgesics are routinely used, they may not provide adequate pain relief and can be associated with adverse effects. This prospective randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate whether pre-incisional infiltration of bupivacaine at laparoscopic trocar insertion sites reduces postoperative pain compared with standard care without local anesthetic infiltration. A total of 166 adult patients undergoing elective laparoscopic abdominal surgery will be randomly assigned to receive either local bupivacaine infiltration before skin incision or no local anesthetic infiltration. All participants will receive the same standard perioperative care and postoperative analgesic regimen. The primary outcome is postoperative pain intensity measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) during the first 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes include the time to first rescue analgesic, total opioid consumption within the first 24 hours, and overall postoperative pain control. The results of this study may help determine whether local bupivacaine infiltration is an effective, simple, and low-cost addition to multimodal analgesia for patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgery.

This is a prospective, randomized study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of post-surgical pain control of a type of peripheral nerve block, Rectus Sheath Block. 1. Does the rectus sheath block decrease opioid consumption postoperatively after cardiac surgery? 2. Does the rectus sheath block decrease VAS pain scores postoperatively after cardiac surgery? Study participants will be assigned to receive either rectus sheath block or no block.

Renal transplantation is a major abdominal surgical procedure that may cause moderate to severe postoperative pain. Opioids are commonly used as part of multimodal analgesia; however, opioid-related adverse effects such as sedation, respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, and constipation may delay recovery and mobilization. The quadroiliac plane block is an ultrasound-guided interfascial plane block performed near the attachment of the quadratus lumborum muscle to the iliac crest. The technique may provide analgesia over a broad lower abdominal area and may reduce postoperative opioid requirements. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial will compare an ultrasound-guided unilateral quadroiliac plane block with surgical wound infiltration in adult patients undergoing renal transplantation. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive either a quadroiliac plane block with 40 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine or surgical wound infiltration with 10 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine. All participants will receive standardized multimodal analgesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol. The primary objective is to compare cumulative tramadol consumption during the first 24 hours after surgery. Postoperative pain scores, dermatomal sensory distribution, motor block, nausea, vomiting, sedation, and quality of recovery will also be evaluated.