This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical pharmacist-led perioperative pain management model in orthopedic surgery. It is a randomized controlled trial involving patients undergoing major orthopedic procedures. Participants will be assigned to either a standard care group or an intervention group receiving comprehensive pharmaceutical care, including preoperative medication reconciliation, intraoperative monitoring, and postoperative analgesic optimization. The primary outcome is the incidence of moderate-to-severe postoperative pain. Secondary outcomes include opioid consumption, adverse drug reactions, and patient satisfaction. This study seeks to establish an evidence-based protocol for optimizing pain management in orthopedic settings.
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Single group
Clinical Pharmacist-Led Pain Management
Other interventionDescription: Comprehensive pharmaceutical care including medication reconciliation, patient education, and analgesic regimen optimization.
Standard Perioperative Care
Other interventionPatients receive standard orthopedic perioperative care and routine pain management protocols as per hospital guidelines, without clinical pharmacist intervention.
Pain Intensity Score (Visual Analog Scale, VAS)
Pain intensity will be assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst imaginable pain). The score will be recorded at rest and during movement (e.g., coughing or rehabilitation exercises) at 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-surgery. The primary endpoint is the average VAS score at rest during the first 24 hours.
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