Co-Creation Workshops With MaKey MaKey to Promote Participation Among People With Mental Health Conditions

Change in social participation from baseline to post-intervention

Social participation will be measured through the self-administered Spanish short version of the Social Functioning Scale (SFS). The short version of the SFS consists of 15 items assessing social isolation and activities, interpersonal communication, independence in daily functioning, leisure activities, prosocial behavior, and employment or occupation. The instrument provides a single overall score. Score range: 0 to 45. Score interpretation: Higher scores indicate better social functioning and participation.

Change in motivation toward participation in the workshops from baseline to post-intervention

Motivation toward participation in the workshops will be measured through a self-administered, study-specific brief motivation questionnaire. The questionnaire consists of 5 items assessing interest in participating, enjoyment of the activities, perceived involvement, perceived usefulness, and willingness to participate in similar activities in the future. Each item is scored on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). Score range: 0 to 25. Score interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater motivation toward participation in the workshops.

Change in perceived empowerment from baseline to post-intervention

Perceived empowerment will be measured through the self-administered Spanish 12-item short version of the Netherlands Empowerment List (NEL-12). The NEL-12 consists of 12 items assessing different aspects of empowerment, including confidence and purpose, social support, self-management, connectedness, and caring community. Each item is scored on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). Score range: 12 to 60. Score interpretation: Higher scores indicate a higher level of perceived empowerment.

Change in occupational balance from baseline to post-intervention

Occupational balance will be measured through the self-administered Spanish version of the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ). The OBQ consists of 13 items assessing the person's perceived satisfaction with the amount and variety of occupations in daily life, as well as the balance between activities, rest, and participation. Each item is scored on a 6-point ordinal scale ranging from 0 (completely disagree) to 5 (completely agree). Score range: 0 to 65. Score interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater perceived occupational balance.

Perceived usability of MaKey MaKey and Scratch after the intervention

Perceived usability of MaKey MaKey and Scratch will be measured through the self-administered System Usability Scale (SUS). The SUS consists of 10 items rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Item scores are converted according to the standard scoring procedure to obtain a total score ranging from 0 to 100. Score interpretation: Higher scores indicate greater perceived usability of MaKey MaKey and Scratch.

Percentage of scheduled workshop sessions attended by each participant

Attendance will be recorded by the research team at each workshop session. For each participant, the attendance rate will be calculated as the number of workshop sessions attended divided by the total number of workshop sessions offered to that participant, multiplied by 100. Percentage range: 0% to 100%. Higher percentages indicate greater attendance.

Percentage of participants who discontinue the workshop program

Discontinuation will be assessed using the attendance and continuity record completed by the research team. The discontinuation rate will be calculated as the number of enrolled participants who withdraw from the program before the final workshop session offered to them, divided by the total number of enrolled participants, multiplied by 100. The reason for discontinuation will also be recorded when known. Percentage range: 0% to 100%. Higher percentages indicate greater discontinuation from the workshop program.