Balance plays a significant role in stability and walking and it's essential for improving the quality of life and functional autonomy while reducing the risk of falling. This research intends to shed light on the advantages of sensory integration therapy and balance board training because it is important to addressing the issues related to ageing and their possible effects.
Should be living independently (FIM 108-126).
No history of lower limb injury in the 1 year prior to the study.
Individuals with MMSE score greater than or equal to 24.
Individuals with BBS score 41-56.
Individuals with recent cardiac or neurological changes in medical status.
Individuals with recent surgical procedures within the last 6 months will not include in the study.
Individuals with the presence of inner ear problems, dizziness, long-term medication.
A history of injury within 1 year before the study.
Parallel
Sensory Integration Therapy
Other interventionThis group will receive sensory integration therapy for 30 minutes along with routine physical therapy treatment (warm up exercises and Stretching exercises (hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf muscles) for 15 minutes per session for 3 days a week for 8 week.
Balance Board Training
Other interventionThis group will receive balance board training for 30 minutes along with routine physical therapy treatment (warm up exercises and Stretching exercises (hamstrings, quadriceps, and calf muscles) for 15 minutes per session for 3 days a week.
Berg Balance Scale
Berg balance scale is used to find and access the balance issues. This scale consists of 14 task which related to everyday life. Each function rates from 0 (worst) to 4 (best) along a dependence and independence sequence. In this test, we gradually reduce the base of support from sitting and standing to single-leg stance, assess a subject's capacity to sustain positions or movements of increasing difficulty. One's ability to change position is also evaluated
Time up and go test
The TUG test measures the time, in seconds, taken by an individual to stand up from a standard arm chair, walk at their standard pace a distance of 3 meters, turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down. The TUG is widely used because it is reliable and it tests several important balance and mobility skills, including, sit-to-stand transitions, turning, and gait. Time less than 13.5 seconds indicate good mobility.
Fall risk assessment tool
The Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment Tool (JHFRAT) is a tool that makes possible to implement a multi-factorial assessment of the risk of falling in a simple way, which requires an average of 5 min for its completion. The maximum score for this tool is 20. Score of 16-20 indicate high risk of fall, while the score between 5-10 indicate low risk of fall.
Functional Reach Test
Functional reach test is designed to assess the postural stability. During the test, the person stands next to a wall with their arm raised to 90 degrees. They then reach forward as far as possible without taking a step, while maintaining their balance. The distance reached is measured from the starting position to the fingertips at maximum reach. A score of 6 or less indicate poor postural stability thereby increasing risk of fall. A score greater than 10 indicates good postural stability and minimum risk of fall
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