About this trial
The main aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of intermittent with continuous real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neurofeedback on anterior insula regulation and associated behavioral changes.
Eligibility criteria
This trial accepts healthy volunteersQualifiers
None
Disqualifiers
None
Trial design
Parallel
Treatments tested in this trial
real-time fMRI neurofeedback training procedure
Procedure/Surgeryreal-time fMRI neurofeedback training procedure running on the Turbo Brain voyager (TBV) 4.2 software (Brain Innovation, Maastricht, The Netherlands)
real-time fMRI sham-controlled neurofeedback training procedure
Procedure/Surgeryreal-time fMRI sham neurofeedback training procedure running on the Turbo Brain voyager (TBV) 4.2 software (Brain Innovation, Maastricht, The Netherlands)
real-time fMRI neurofeedback training procedure
Procedure/Surgeryreal-time fMRI neurofeedback training procedure running on the Turbo Brain voyager (TBV) 4.2 software (Brain Innovation, Maastricht, The Netherlands)
Treatment groups
Trial outcomes
Primary outcomes
Neural activity of the anterior insula based on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal
The anterior insula activity induced during the regulation block compared to the baseline block.
Pain empathy ratings scores
Subjects were required to rate their empathic feeling towards painful pictures on a Likert Scale ranging from 1-9 (1 = not at all and 9 = very painful) before and after neurofeedback training.
Secondary outcomes
Confidence rating scores of interoceptive sensitivity
Subjects are asked to rate to what extent they can feel their heartbeat based on a Likert Scale ranging from 1-9 (1 = very low and 9 = very high)
Interoceptive accuracy
1/N Σ(1-(\|actual heartbeats--reported heartbeats\|) / actual heartbeats). N indicates the number of recording blocks.
Sponsors and contacts
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