Healthy

Background: About 5 million adults in the United States have age-related brain disorders. These include Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and other dementias. The number of people with these disorders will likely increase as the population ages and life span increases. Inflammation is thought to play a role in AD and MCI. Researchers want to know if an enzyme called PDE4B increases inflammation in people with AD or MCI. Objective: To test whether medical imaging using a new radiotracer (\[18F\]PF-06445974) can measure PDE4B in the brains of people with AD or MCI. Eligibility: People aged 50 years and older with AD or MCI. Healthy volunteers are also needed. Design: Participants will have up to 5 clinic visits with 3 imaging scans of the brain. They will have be screened. They will have a physical exam with blood tests. This will include tests of their heart and nerve function, including memory. Participants will have 2 positron emission tomography (PET) scans. One will use a standard radiotracer. The other will use the study radiotracer. They will receive each tracer through a tube attached to a needle inserted into a vein. During the scan with the study tracer, participants will have a second tube inserted into a vein in the wrist; this tube will be used to draw blood during the scan. Participants will lie on a bed that slides into a doughnut-shaped machine. These visits will take about 6 hours each. Participants will have 1 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. They will lie on a bed that slides into a cylinder. This visit will take up to 2 hours....

Background: Infections in the lower respiratory tract (lungs) are the leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. This was true even before the COVID-19 pandemic. Respiratory viruses are still a major health threat. Many of these viruses infect people by penetrating the thin skin that lines the nose. These viruses can also spread easily to other people when they multiply in the tissues that line the nose. Researchers want to learn more about what these viruses do inside the nose, how they get from the nose to the lungs, and how they spread from person to person. Objective: To collect cell samples from inside the noses of healthy people. These cells will be stored for use in future research on respiratory diseases. Eligibility: Healthy volunteers aged 18 years and older. Design: Most participants will have 1 visit on 1 day. They will be asked questions. Those who have a runny nose, coughing, congestion, or fever will be asked to wait up to 21 days before participating. Participants will be given a slender swab with small bristles at the end. They will rub the inside of their nose with the swab. A clinic staff member will be present to help, if needed. Participants will provide their name, age, and sex. This information will be encoded so that only certain researchers will know the participants identities. Participants will not be contacted again....

Background: \- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans must be performed according to specified sets of parameters that provide optimal images of each organ and each area of the body. These scanning parameters are often specific to the institution or organization at which they are employed, and may also depend on the manufacturer of the MRI scanning equipment. Because MRI scanning equipment is always being updated and upgraded, researchers are interested in developing new and optimized scanning parameters for MRI scans. Objectives: \- To improve current methods and develop new techniques for magnetic resonance imaging. Eligibility: * Individuals 18 years of age and older who are either volunteers or current NIH protocol participants. * Participants must not have any medical history factors (e.g., extreme claustrophobia, history of metal implants) that would prevent them from receiving MRI scans. Design: * Participants will have at least one MRI scan that will last from 20 minutes to 2 hours (most scans will last between 45 and 90 minutes). The total time commitment for most visits will be approximately 4 hours from start to finish. * Some MRI techniques require standard monitoring equipment or specific procedures during the scanning, such as an electrocardiogram. * Participants will have blood samples taken at the time of the scan. Some MRI studies will require the use of a contrast agent that will be administered during the scan. * Volunteers may be asked to return for additional MRI scans over the course of a few years. Follow-up scans may be done on the same part of the body or on different parts of the body. No more than one MRI scan will be performed in any 4-week period for this protocol....

The purpose of this investigation is to develop improved magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and hardware for studying brain function. MRI is a diagnostic tool that provides information about brain chemistry and physiology. This study will evaluate new MRI methods for monitoring blood flow to regions of the brain in response to simple tasks. The MRI machine used in this study is more powerful than those in most hospitals, permitting a higher visual resolution. Normal healthy volunteers over 18 years old may be eligible for this study. Candidates will be screened with a medical history and questionnaire, and a neurological examination. Study participants will have a yearly MRI scan. For this procedure, the subject lies on a stretcher that is moved into a donut-shaped machine with a strong magnetic field. A lightweight circular or rectangular coil-a device that improves the quality of the images-may be placed on the head. The scan time varies from 20 minutes to 3 hours; most scans last between 45 and 90 minutes. During the scan, the subject may perform simple tasks, such as listening to tapes, tapping a finger, moving a hand, watching a screen, or smelling a fragrance. More complex tasks may require thinking about tones or pictures and responding to them by pressing buttons. Information from this study will be used to develop better imaging methods that will, in turn, permit a greater understanding of normal and abnormal brain behaviors.

The main objective of this trial is to establish the bioequivalence of two different formulations of vicadrostat / empagliflozin in healthy male and female trial participants following oral administration.

In this research study, the investigators want to learn about new ways to use MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) to take clearer pictures of the lungs. The investigators will be using types of MRI called UTE (Ultra Short Echo Time) and bSSFP (balanced Steady-State Free Precession) as well as traditional MRI. The investigators also want to collect images and health information about lungs that are healthy or those in people with different kinds of lung, muscular, and bone diseases. This collection will help us in the future to better understand lung variations in health and disease.

Purpose and Objectives: The main purpose is to test an ultrasound device that can assess the upper airway to create dynamic 4D imaging, which current technology cannot do. Ultrasound waves travel well within soft tissue but are unable to penetrate cartilage, bone, and air-filled structures, obscuring findings which are covered by these structures and limiting the ability of the ultrasound to adequately image posterior to the soft tissue upper airway, trachea, or behind the mandible.

The purposes of this study are to determine: * The pharmacokinetics (the amount of study drug in your blood and how long it takes the body to get rid of it) of the study drug and its metabolites (substances produced as the body breaks down the study drug) in participants with moderate or severe liver function impairment compared to participants with normal liver function (also known as a healthy volunteer). Pharmacokinetics (or PK) is the study of how your body absorbs, breaks down, and removes a study drug. * How well the study drug is tolerated and any side effects that may occur in participants with moderate or severe liver function impairment compared to participants with normal liver function. This study is for research purposes only and is not intended to treat any medical condition.

The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate the effects of low-level light therapy on cellular energy and oxidative stress in healthy adults and patients with Type 1 diabetes. The main questions it aims to answer are: Does light therapy change adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and cytochrome c oxidase activity in blood cells? How does the intervention affect oxidative stress markers, specifically glutathione and malondialdehyde concentrations? Researchers will compare blood samples collected before the light therapy to those collected afterward to see if the intervention alters mitochondrial function. Researchers will also compare the responses of healthy volunteers to those of diabetic patients. Participants will: Provide a baseline blood sample. Receive red and near-infrared light exposure (660 nm and 850 nm) on their arms for 10 to 20 minutes using a therapy pad. Provide a final blood sample immediately after the light exposure.

This study is open to adults aged between 18 and 80 years of age with a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 to 42 kg/m². People with or without liver problems can take part in the study. The purpose of this study is to find out how much of a medicine called BI 1291583 gets into the blood of people with and without liver problems. BI 1291583 is being developed to treat people with bronchiectasis, a chronic disease of the lungs. People living with this condition often also have liver problems. Therefore, it is important to find out whether liver problems influence the amount of BI 1291583 that gets into the blood. Study participants receive a single dose of BI 1291583 as a tablet taken by mouth. Participants are divided into 4 groups based on how well their liver works: 1 group without liver problems, and 3 groups with mild, moderate, and severe liver problems. Each participant without liver problems is matched with participants from the other groups based on factors such as age, sex, smoking habits, and body weight to ensure accurate comparisons. Participants are in the study for about 3 months. They stay for 3 days at the study site and also visit the study site up to 9 times. During these visits, the doctors collect information about participants' health. To assess the study endpoints, the doctors regularly take blood samples from the participants. The doctors regularly check participants' health and take note of any unwanted effects.

This is a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single and multiple ascending dose study to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity of subcutaneous and intravenous ADX-001 in healthy adult participants

The purpose of this research is to test how processing can affect how one's body uses the nutrients in that food. For this study the researchers are examining how making different food products out of chickpeas, such as hummus or pasta, changes how one's body uses those foods for energy.

Background: PDE4D is a protein found in the brain. It helps control chemical signals that affect mood, memory, and thinking. Problems with PDE4D may play a role in depression and Alzheimer's disease. Being able to measure PDE4D levels in the body would help doctors identify and manage these diseases. Researchers want to find out if a new tracer (a radioactive substance injected during imaging scans) can help them see PDE4D in people more effectively. Objective: To test a new tracer (\[11C\]JMJ-129-d2) during imaging scans of the brain and body in healthy people. Eligibility: Healthy people aged 18 years and older. They must have been screened under protocols 01M0254 or 17M0181. Design: All participants will give samples of blood and urine. They will have a test of their heart function. A plastic tube will be inserted into a vein in their arm; the new tracer will be given through this tube. Some participants will have 1 positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) scan of their whole body. They will lie on a padded bed that slides into a doughnut-shaped machine; the machine uses x-rays to create images of the inside of the body. Some participants will have 1 or 2 PET/CT scans of their brain only. Their head will be supported to keep it still during the scan. They will also have a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the brain. MRI uses magnetic fields to capture images of the inside of the body. The MRI scan may require a second visit. All participants will receive a follow-up call to check on their well-being 1 to 3 business days after their scans.

The purpose of the present study is to assess prospectively the abuse potential of gabapentin when taken with and without oxycodone compared to placebo in healthy non-drug-dependent recreational opioid drug users under fasted condition.

This is a randomised, double-blind, two-arm, parallel group, single-dose study to compare the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of ixekizumab (SB35 and Taltz) in healthy participants.

The purpose of this study is to longitudinally characterize and evaluate changes in synaptic density in the brain using novel positron-emission tomography (PET) scans; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and clinical laboratory markers associated with HIV-related injury in the central nervous system. This study will test hypotheses relating to the presence and mechanisms of aberrant brain structure at the synaptic level in living humans with virologically controlled HIV on antiretroviral therapy. To evaluate associations between PET imaging radiotracers \[11C\]UCB-J, a ligand for presynaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), a vesicle membrane protein expressed in synapses, and PET \[11C\]PBR28 a measure of microglia function in the brain, the Yale PET center has developed an advanced approach of combining multiple distinct ligands in coordinated same-day PET imaging. Additionally, the study will evaluate the associations of this novel synaptic density marker with well-established clinical measures of neurocognitive performance and laboratory measures of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

The purpose of the study is to assess how LY4355756 is absorbed by the body and how safe it is to healthy participants. There will be four inpatient stays at the clinical research unit (CRU). For Part A there will be 5 continuous days, Part B 22 continuous days, Part C 5 continuous days in each of the 3 periods, and Part D 18 continuous days in the CRU.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety and tolerability of LY4298445 in healthy participants and in participants with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Participation in the study will last up to approximately 52 weeks.

Researchers are looking for new ways to prevent cancers related to human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common virus that can cause an infection. There are many different types of HPV. Most people's immune system can fight HPV infection and it goes away without treatment. For some people, HPV infections can last longer and may cause cancer years later. A standard vaccine to prevent HPV-related cancers is GARDASIL®9 (G9). G9 protects against 9 types of HPV but it does not protect against other types of HPV. The study vaccine (called V540B) is designed to protect against the same HPV types that G9 protects against plus other HPV types. The main goal of this study is to learn about the safety of V540B in healthy adults and if people tolerate it.

The goal of this clinical trial study is to test if patients with idiopathic calcium oxalate kidney stones have an increased absorption of dietary oxalate, which would lead to increased urinary excretion of oxalate. The study will recruit adult patients with a history of calcium oxalate kidney stones and healthy volunteers without kidney stones. Participants will * ingest fixed diets containing low and moderately high amounts of oxalate for 5 days at a time * ingest a soluble form of oxalate and sugar preparations to test gut permeability * collect urine, blood, stool and breath sample during the fixed diets and the soluble oxalate test

Embodiment is an important aspect of virtual reality because it affects how natural and engaging the experience feels and can influence performance and learning in VR-based applications, including rehabilitation \[McAnally \& Wallis, 2022\]. In VR, embodiment refers to the extent to which a person feels that a virtual body (avatar) is their own and under their control. It is typically described as having three components: sense of agency (feeling that one is causing the avatar's actions), body ownership (feeling that the avatar's body is one's own), and self-location (feeling located where the avatar is) \[Kilteni, Groten, \& Slater, 2012\]. While many VR systems aim to increase embodiment, there is limited evidence on which specific techniques are most effective-especially in people with acquired neurological injuries, in whom central nervous system damage may alter body perception and multisensory integration \[Guy, Normand, Jeunet-Kelway, \& Moreau, 2023\]. This study will compare several VR techniques that may enhance embodiment, including synchronized visual and tactile stimulation, heart-rate-based visual biofeedback, increased possibilities to actively control the avatar, and familiarity with the performed action. Participants will include healthy volunteers and individuals with acquired neurological injuries (spinal cord injury or stroke). Across three study days, participants will complete multiple short VR conditions while wearing physiological sensors, and after each VR condition, participants will complete questionnaires about their VR experience. The goal is to identify which VR techniques most effectively increase embodiment and whether embodiment-related responses differ between healthy participants and clinical groups.

This study evaluates the collection of dermal interstitial fluid using a vacuum-assisted microneedle device in healthy adult volunteers. The study will assess the device-based collection procedure and characterize the collected dermal interstitial fluid. Healthy adult volunteers will undergo dermal interstitial fluid collection using a vacuum-assisted microneedle device at the Stanford study site. Participants will complete the study procedures described in the protocol, which may include device application, vacuum-assisted microneedle sampling, collection and analysis of dermal interstitial fluid, assessment of procedure-related effects, and follow-up as specified by the study protocol.

This is a single-centre, open-label, fixed-sequence, 2-period study in healthy participants. The total study duration for each participant will be up to approximately 56 days, including a 28-day screening period, a 19-day assessment period (including Period 1 and Period 2), and a follow-up (FU) visit approximately 7 days after clinical research unit (CRU) discharge.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate how well LY4088044 is tolerated and what side effects may occur in healthy participants. The study drug will be administered either subcutaneously (SC) (under the skin) or intravenously (IV) (into a vein in the arm). Blood tests will be performed to check how much LY4088044 gets into the bloodstream and how long it takes the body to eliminate it. The study will last up to approximately 92 weeks for Parts A, B, and C, excluding screening.

The approach of a competition can be associated to a decrease in sleep duration and quality which can negatively impact athlete's performance and health (injury risk, fall, accident). Ultra-endurance competitions even involve partial and/or total sleep deprivation over one or several nights. Studied investigating this question suggest that endurance performance under sleep deprivation is altered, mainly because of an effect on the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), which regulates effort intensity. One of the methods used by athletes to limit the impact of sleep deprivation in competition is to implement sleep extension in the days prior to a competition. However, few studies have investigated the impact of sleep deprivation et its reproducibility on performance and fatigue during a prolonged running exercise, as well as the efficiency of prior sleep extension. The importance of such a preventive measure might also depend on individual resistance to sleep deprivation, which is variable between persons and could have genetic determinants. This aspect remains under-studied, particularly regarding the impact of sleep deprivation on physical performance. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the effects of sleep deprivation and prior sleep extension on prolonged duration performance.