This study will be conducted to investigate the effect of core stability exercises versus proprioceptive training in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
A confirmed diagnosis of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) based on clinical and radiographic examination, with no evidence of other knee pathologies, as verified by an orthopaedic physician
Presence of unilateral PFPS for a minimum duration of three months, indicating a chronic condition
Age between 18 and 40 years, representing the typical symptomatic population affected by PFPS
Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 30 kg/m², ensuring exclusion of obesity as a confounding factor.
Presence of chronic pain conditions unrelated to Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) as Rheumatoid arthritis, Chronic neuropathic pain, chronic low back pain and knee and hip osteoarthritis.
Pregnancy or history of recent trauma affecting the pelvic or knee region
History of corticosteroid injection in the affected knee
Presence of ankle arthritis or gouty arthritis, which may alter lower-limb biomechanics
Parallel
Core Stability Exercises
Other interventioncore stability exercises including warm-up, main training, and cool-down phases; warm up exercises in the form of Cat-Camel exercise will be performed for 5-8 cycles to mobilize the spine and promote smooth segmental motion. The primary main training consisted of McGill's "Big Three" core stabilization exercises, which emphasize endurance and control of the deep stabilizing muscles, curl up, side bridge, and Quadrupedal stance, finallly the cool down phase had dynamic stretching at the end of each session to reduce muscle tension and promote recovery plus tradional therapy
Proprioceptive Training
Other interventionproprioceptive training consisted of group of exercises for balance on 1 leg on a stable surface and a unstable surface. in addition to tradional therapy.
traditional therapy
Other interventiontradional therapy in the form of interferential therapy, knee strengthening exercises, knee strengthening exercises, stretching exercises, patellar mobilization and ischemic compression
pain intensity
pain will be assessed by VAS which line on a 100 mm , where 0 indicates no pain and 100 indicates the worst possible pain.
knee disability
knee disability will be assessed by Kujala Patellofemoral Questionnaire.Which is a 13-item questionnaire including different items on pain related to functioning and activities. The categories within each item are weighted and item scores summed to provide an overall index scored from 0 to 100, where the maximum score of 100 represents no disability.
pressure pain threshold
The pressure algometer will be used to assess pressure pain threshold
knee range of motion
The electro goniometer will be used to assess knee range of motion.
knee proprioception (joint position error)
proprioception will beassesseds by electrogoniometer. The participant's knee will be passively positioned at a target angle (e.g., 30° flexion) then returned to the starting position, then the patient will be asked to actively reproduce the target angle.The absolute angular error (degrees) between the target and reproduced angles will be recorded.
quadriceps muscle strength
Quadriceps muscle strength will be measured by a handheld dynamometer.
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