The study was done to:
1. Investigate the correlation between smart phone overuse and craniovertebral angle in adolescents. 2. Investigate the correlation between smart phone overuse and cervical muscle endurance in adolescents. 3. Investigate the correlation between smart phone overuse and temporomandibular joint proprioception in adolescents.
Both genders will be included.
Adolescents with age ranging from 17 to 19 years.
Adolescents using smart phone daily for not less than 4 years for 4 years.
All participants will be free from any medical disease, visual or hearing problem.
Adolescent who cannot understand or follow instructions.
Congenital or acquired spinal deformities.
Adolescents with obesity.
Athlete adolescents.
160 adolescent from both sexes with their age ranging from 17 to 19 years and were smart phone addictors for not less than 4 years old
Other
Cross-sectional
Not listed
Assessment of body mass index
A weight-height scale was used to measure the weight and height of each participant in both groups to calculate body mass index.
Assessing the craniovertebral angle using software program
The study involves capturing a lateral view photo of a child's craniovertebral angle using reflective dots on the tragus and spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebrae. The camera is placed 1.5 meters away from the subject's shoulder level without rotation or tilt. The photographs are then transferred to a computer using software to assess the craniovertebral angle, which is defined as forward head posture with a craniovertebral angle of less than 50º.
Testing of temporomandibular joint Proprioception
Participants were given detailed instructions on assessment procedures, with a therapist standing in front of them at the same head level. Temporomandibular joint proprioception was measured using the Vernier caliper in all directions, including mouth opening, protrusion, and lateral jaw movements.
Measuring the Endurance of deep neck flexor muscles
The study involves a 20-pressure biofeedback device inflated to a baseline of 20 mmHg, followed by verbal feedback from the examiner. The subject performs neck flexion movements at different pressure levels (22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 mmHg) with 10 seconds hold at each level and 30 seconds rest between each level. The testing is terminated if the subject cannot hold 10 seconds at specific pressure levels or reaches a maximum level of 30 mmHg.
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