Gross motor function involves large muscle control for activities like walking, running, and sports, and is essential for balance and coordination. Excessive screen time may hinder gross motor development by reducing physical activity, affecting strength and coordination. Structured activities like free play and exercise are key to minimizing these effects. A cross-sectional study will be conducted over 10 months in public and private schools in Lahore. Children aged 7-10 will be included. Screen time will be assessed through demographic data, and gross motor skills evaluated using the TGMD-2. Exclusion criteria: PBS \< 20, TGMD-2 \< 30, recent orthopedic surgery, and MMSE \< 26. Data will be analyzed in SPSS v25 using descriptive statistics and correlation. This study explores the impact of screen time on children's physical development, particularly gross motor skills and balance
Children between ages 7 to 10 years
Children with screen time exposure of more than 2 hours per day on a weekday (30,
Screen time exposure through television, smartphones, tablets, laptops or computers.
Children with exposure of screen time more than 3 hours on a weekend
Children with Pediatric balance score: below 45.
Children with TGMD-2 Score: below 30 (less than 10" percentile).
Children who have had orthopedic surgery within the previous 6 months.
Cognition Score below 26 on MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination).
The study population will consist of children aged 7 to 10 years enrolled in public and private schools in Lahore. Participants must be able to follow basic instructions and engage in physical tasks required for assessment. Children with a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) score below 20, TGMD-2 score below 30, a history of orthopedic surgery within the past 6 months, or a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score below 26 will be excluded. The sample will represent typically developing school-aged children with varying levels of screen time exposure
Other
Cross-sectional
Not listed
PBS (Pediatric Berg Balance Scale)
The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) is a modified version of Berg's Balance Scale, designed for school-aged children with mild to moderate motor difficulties. In a study by Bal et al., 20 children (ages 5-15) with balance disorders were tested twice by the same examiner. Additionally, 10 pediatric physical therapists, unaware of the study hypotheses, rated 10 randomly chosen sessions. The PBS showed excellent reliability, with high test-retest (ICC = 0.998) and interrater (ICC = 0.997) consistency, confirming its effectiveness as a reliable balance assessment tool for this population
Screen Time Questionnaire
The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), a modified Berg's Balance Scale, is for school-aged children with mild to moderate motor difficulties. In a study by Bal et al., 20 children (ages 5-15) were tested twice by the same examiner, and 10 pediatric physical therapists rated 10 randomly chosen sessions. PBS showed high test-retest (ICC = 0.998) and interrater reliability (ICC = 0.997), confirming its effectiveness as a reliable balance assessment tool
TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development-2)
The Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition (TGMD-2) evaluates children's motor skills. A study assessed the Portuguese version for clarity, validity, and reliability. Two trials per child were video recorded for analysis. The motor tasks were found clear and reflective of motor development. The test showed good validity (Chi-square/df = 3.38; GFI = 0.95; AGFI = 0.92; TLI = 0.83) and strong reliability (locomotor: r = 0.82; object control: r = 0.88).
kinovea software
Kinovea is a non-invasive, cost-effective tool for assessing thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. In a study with 18 participants, its measurements were compared to Cobb's method. Inter- and intra-rater reliability showed moderate to perfect agreement (ICC \< 0.001). Validity for thoracic kyphosis was moderate and dependent on evaluator expertise, while lumbar lordosis showed weaker correlation. Kinovea proves useful for clinical and research-based postural assessments
Click on the lead sponsor to view all of their trials.
This trial is not recruiting at the moment. You can still explore other options:
