The primary objective of this investigation is to compare the efficacy of Three different AF ablation strategies in patients with Persistent atrial fibrillation: CPVI plus Low-Voltage Areas ablation during sinus rhythm Versus. CPVI Plus Low-Voltage Areas Ablation During AF and CPVI alone.
Patients age is 18-80 years;
Patients with non-paroxysmal AF; non-paroxysmal AF will be defined as a sustained episode lasting > 7 days;
Patients can sign the written informed consent for the study;
Patients can endure the required follow-up.
Patients who had previously undergone atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia, or atypical atrial flutter ablation
Preoperative combined atrial tachycardia (≥30S) and atypical atrial flutter
Left atrial diameter >55mm
Left ventricular ejection fraction <35%
Parallel
STABLE-SR
Procedure/Surgeryhomogenization of the low voltage zones and elimination of the complex electrograms from the transitional zones during sinus rhythm
STABLE-AF
Procedure/Surgeryhomogenization of the low voltage zones and elimination of the complex electrograms from the transitional zones during Atrial Fibrillation
CPVI
Procedure/Surgeryablate around the pulmonary vein orifice
The incidence of no atrial arrhythmias greater than 30 seconds
The incidence of no atrial arrhythmias greater than 30 seconds
No use of antiarrhythmic drugs and no occurrence of atrial fibrillation exceeding 30 seconds
No use of antiarrhythmic drugs and no occurrence of atrial fibrillation exceeding 30 seconds
No use of antiarrhythmic drugs and no occurrence of atrial tachycardia/flutter exceeding 30 seconds
No use of antiarrhythmic drugs and no occurrence of atrial tachycardia/flutter exceeding 30 seconds
Atrial fibrillation load
Atrial fibrillation load
Procedure time
time that the patient spend in the procedure room
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