Effect of Implementing Evidence Based Practices on Prevention of Associated Nasal Pressure Injuries Among Preterm Neonates With Non-Invasive Respiratory Support

change from the baseline nasal skin integrity on Nasal injury classification tool

: it is adopted from (Fischer et al., 2010) based on the standardized classification of the decubitus lesions from the US National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) (Black et al., 2007; The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, 1989). This tool will be employed to describe and track the progression and severity of nasal injuries caused by NIRS in neonates by assessing nasal region (the nasal tip, nasal septum, nostril, and nose shape change) for erythema, ulceration, and necrosis, in order to ensure proper and early treatment

change from the baseline pain score on Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP)

It will be adopted from (Stevens et al., 1996). The Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) is a biobehavioral observational technique used to quantify acute and procedure pain in premature infants. It assesses seven indicators: gestational age, behavioral state, increased heart rate, decreased oxygen saturation, forehead bulging, eye squeezing, and nasolabial furrows. Each indicator is scored on a four-point Likert scale, from 0 to 3. The total PIPP score, which is the sum of points for all seven indications, varies between 0 to 21. Higher scores imply more painful conduct. A number of 0-6 indicates no pain, 7-12 indicates mild to moderate pain, and a score more than 12 indicates severe pain.